考博英语语法重点总结 i!8"T#
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 1\UU
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独立主格特征 CJCxL\
1. 充当句子的状语。 Li|~% E1
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 YkMFU'?[
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 T%& vq6
4. With + 名词 (0#$%US\
（代词） + 分词 (形容词） 4Eu'_>"a
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. q78OP }
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. @v@F%JCZ
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). hKN ;tq,
真题剖析 ^7? WR?!
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. $\vNS
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45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because et~D9='E
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. b?KdR5
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be /;Hq v
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虚拟语气 BF2U$-k4
虚拟语气（2） ;b=d iZE
1. （should）+动词原形 @$^4Av-
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 -
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It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 4 FZR }e\
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 k'|yUJ,
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 PDw +Q
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 应该有所行动，实际还没有行动 kO*\ JaD
would rather +动词过去式（宁愿已经做，其实没做）宁愿，，，就好了I would rather you were not married.(实际have married) 6 Y\ TVRR
真题剖析 oz.z> +Q
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … j2IK\~W?-
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t i}C%8} %
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. z8"1*V
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded ?t6w ozib2
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. uQn
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15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take M \k[?i
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. ohx$ ;j
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) /0gr?I1wr7
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should Dzu//_u
非谓语动词 Z azs".
动名词、分词、不定式。 Tq )h AZ
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) j} /).O
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) Nr XIaN
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 .5s58H cg,
真题剖析 pL[3,.@WA
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. #&r}
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops @XtrC|dkkE
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. y>
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59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative hO3
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主谓一致 YRBJ(v"9
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 0L32sF y
How you got there doesn’t concern me. t}Td$K7
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. iJo Yxx
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 hG# 2} K_
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. xq,ql@7
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 dwUDhQt3Q
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 v% 2Dz
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 7 qn=W
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 vuY X0&
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. ?<N} Xh
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) l8+)Xk>
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） }s'=w]m
He no less than John is interested in literature. NhNd+SCZ@
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) gSwHPm%zn
Either my father or my brothers are coming. .nVY" C&
8. each,every,many a（否定=no） , no …+主语，谓语用单数。 lo6upir ZX
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. GKF! GbGR@
真题剖析 7 _j t =sr
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. <{;'0> ToM
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some .XeZjoJ$ z
倒装 7\yh(+ k N
全部倒装 \zk>cQ
1. “There (Here) +be+主语”
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There stand big buildings in this district. l4taD!WD/
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. WwWOic2
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) (7! pc
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man.
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3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 OIw[sum2
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. B K I-Dh
4. 表语位于句首 zx:;0Z:S6>
Especially remarkable was his flat nose.
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Not far from here is a famous university. UfO='&U ^
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 A
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She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. $39TP@?:Z)
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. v) |a}5={
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） T 1Z*>(M
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. OKau3T]
部分倒装 '
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1. 疑问句 =Xid"$
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） e8: O2!HW
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. W;!V_- :
3. “only+状语”位于句首 T 8 ]*bw
Only when he comes back can be leave. \Jc}Hzug
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 #fx"tx6
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. .) %, R
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) G eB-4img
By no means should you break the rules. +G!#
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At no time should we give in to difficulties. /?Y4C)G
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 要是。。。。就好了 Mkt_pr
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” #a|r
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Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. #^|2PFh5
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
