考博英语语法重点总结 k*?Axk#
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 /3 (|P
独立主格特征 /^m3?q[a
1. 充当句子的状语。 yV'<l
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2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 l6[ 0i
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 2I8 RO\zR
4. With + 名词 ;;*'<\lP.j
（代词） + 分词 (形容词） ~> xV
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例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. jkN-( v(T
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. nB8JdM2 h{
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). FL, av>mV
真题剖析 n#NE.ap$&,
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. ]]I nD N
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because |X' Pa9u
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. Ja*k |Rz ~
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be tH }$j
虚拟语气 2E*k@
虚拟语气（2） .3tyNjsn \
1. （should）+动词原形 Me.t_)
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 =L UDg7P
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 /IkSgKJiz\
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 MV~-']2u
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 nJ ZQRRa:C
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 应该有所行动，实际还没有行动 : k
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would rather +动词过去式（宁愿已经做，其实没做）宁愿，，，就好了I would rather you were not married.(实际have married) Ts X(=N_
真题剖析 !GNLq.rQ
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … l5 FM>q
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t X5M{
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(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home.
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53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded +Yu y%VT
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. Fp`MX>F
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take oQkY@)3.w
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. _QhB0/C
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) X1P_IB
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should K]b_JDEk
非谓语动词 LB)sk$ )
动名词、分词、不定式。 CkJU5 D
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) C&\vVNV;9
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) e'
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To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 w(P\+ m <%
真题剖析 W[dMf!(
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. }>
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops Se
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(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. +Oae3VFf;
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative m-SP #? 3
主谓一致 -zeodv7
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 JJvf!]
How you got there doesn’t concern me. a{lDHk `Wf
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. $RQ7rL3g{
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 mG Qgy[gX
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. G -U%
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 W#<&(s4
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 vT<q zN
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). !b O8apn
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 Z=O 2 tR
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. ~Od4(
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If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) B| IQ /g?
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） ?VMj;+'tr
He no less than John is interested in literature. fhu- YYJt
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) PN{l)&K2.
Either my father or my brothers are coming. j+3~
8. each,every,many a（否定=no） , no …+主语，谓语用单数。 o~
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Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. L
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真题剖析 A> 6 b
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(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. \ ?[#>L4
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some G7k0P-r, 0
倒装 'Y+AU#1~H
全部倒装 07
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1. “There (Here) +be+主语” v]g/
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There stand big buildings in this district. B&0^3iKFi
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. A~E u_m
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) 8NJ (l
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 0SV#M6`GX
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 B^Q\l!r
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. v'B++-%
4. 表语位于句首 Vg/{;uLAe
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. zp r `
Not far from here is a famous university. )J8dm'wH92
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 ~#iRh6 ^98
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. Y((s<]7
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. (,P
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6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） `h12
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. bL
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部分倒装 bp2l%A;
1. 疑问句 "<0B CJJ
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） ~fB: >ceD
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. elb|=J`M0
3. “only+状语”位于句首 DDn@M|*$
Only when he comes back can be leave. a ^<W
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4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 y%k\=:m
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. oabc=N!7r
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) !7@IWz(, "
By no means should you break the rules. 31 4PcSc
At no time should we give in to difficulties. BFt?%E/]
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 要是。。。。就好了 rOw"" mE
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” LYNd^}
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. ?`Qw=8]`
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
