考博英语语法重点总结 s'/_0
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装
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独立主格特征 K\}qY dPF
1. 充当句子的状语。 U0|wC,7"
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 M$v\7vBgO!
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 !
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4. With + 名词 MR,>]|
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（代词） + 分词 (形容词） c -~i=C]
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. 9u^za!pE
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. ZdhA:}~^E
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). uf )!SxT
真题剖析 Ng&K5
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(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. c8l\1 ce?7
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because z/o&r`no
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. Yg!fEopLb
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be k:U%#r
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虚拟语气 ; Uypv|xX
虚拟语气（2） !{ r@ H+Kf
1. （should）+动词原形 Rs]Y/9F;{
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 06af{FXsGb
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 uMFV^&ZF
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 Y>i
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部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 -<\hcV`&
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 应该有所行动，实际还没有行动 RLh%Y>w
would rather +动词过去式（宁愿已经做，其实没做）宁愿，，，就好了I would rather you were not married.(实际have married) MR":a T
真题剖析 30cb+)h(
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … zM%2h:*+{
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t ]
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(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. +o 6
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53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded Xj 6 ?,J
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. ! M 7727
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take ) k 6z
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. O3L:v{Kn
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) K{G\=yJ((
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should I(Q3YDdb
非谓语动词 F$,i_7Z&6
动名词、分词、不定式。 |HTTT z9R.
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) y(6*)~Dh
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) K"=I,Vr:
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 =.q8*7UY
真题剖析 3AC/;WB9
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. Qvhy9C r;
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops N9AM% H$7
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. HqKD]1
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative ,6T3:qkkvF
主谓一致 {r[g .@
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 $-BM`Zt0;
How you got there doesn’t concern me. D]5cijO 6
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. #7,;/rtO7
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 F@@6D0\X?
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. G+W0 X
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 sxn^1|O;m
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 9d >AnTf&H
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). !Im{-t
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 CW;=q[+w
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. CoQ<Ky}*
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) F */J`l
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） &6#Ft]6~
He no less than John is interested in literature. 5>"X?U }He
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等)
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Either my father or my brothers are coming. ;{K/W.R
8. each,every,many a（否定=no） , no …+主语，谓语用单数。 nG !6[^D
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. ^@ n?&
真题剖析 x`g sD3C
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. xa|/P# q
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some j un$C Y4
倒装 /.%AE|0+X
全部倒装 t73" d#+
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” ).9m6.%Uk
There stand big buildings in this district. 4 .d~u@=
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. N3QDPQ
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) w>Y!5RnO
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. :7jDgqn^|i
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 h}c R >
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. w{5v*SHl}`
4. 表语位于句首
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Especially remarkable was his flat nose. "YePd * W
Not far from here is a famous university. byetbt(IF
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 JUlCj #%
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. E\dJb}"x %
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. S"G` j!m1
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） [|"{a
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. nH7i)!cI~
部分倒装 k9vzxZ%s:
1. 疑问句 < maY S2
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） l.`f^K=8
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. ym.:I@b?6
3. “only+状语”位于句首 2UJj Yrm
Only when he comes back can be leave. Y$&+2w,)H,
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 3}9c0%}F
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. 1&Ruz[F5
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…)
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By no means should you break the rules. C3>`e3v
At no time should we give in to difficulties. ~s4o1^6L
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 要是。。。。就好了 ;>Q.r{P
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” HHcW yu
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. ~|5B
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
