考博英语语法重点总结 $l }MB7
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 &*Eyw
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独立主格特征 X A{ tVh
1. 充当句子的状语。 Fs7/ 3
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 6vz9r)L
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 c$
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4. With + 名词 JMN1+:7i
（代词） + 分词 (形容词） _$"qC[.
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. + oyW_!(
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. Zk2-U"0\o
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). o
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真题剖析 Bvp G P
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. D!TL~3d
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45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because @#ih;F
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. >L?)f3_a
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be z7F~;IB*u
虚拟语气 >:5/V0;,
虚拟语气（2） S|Wv1H>
1. （should）+动词原形 pt GM'
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 +2`RvQN
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 l"!.aIY"e
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 H Kx2QFB
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 yWu80C8 q
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 应该有所行动，实际还没有行动 N5 [QQtQ
would rather +动词过去式（宁愿已经做，其实没做）宁愿，，，就好了I would rather you were not married.(实际have married) cEO g
真题剖析 !0ySS {/
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … S/ ]2Qt#T
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t | "DQ^)3Pi
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. `TKe+oS)
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded v"6q!
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. c3
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15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take Q &^ti)vB
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. fb4/LVg'J
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) '>_'gR0O
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should {,|*99V
非谓语动词 h djv/
动名词、分词、不定式。 "n:z( "Q*
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done)
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发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) G/\t<>O8o
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 0J z'9
真题剖析 0Pu$1Fp
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. U)=?3}s(
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops 1XU sr;Wz
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. su>GeJiPW
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative /`>BPQH`}
主谓一致 3iJ4VL7
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 m^@,0\F
How you got there doesn’t concern me. 'J#u ;KJ
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. (S* T{OgO
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 *KN ' 0Z@W
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. v1<3y~'f
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 1|l'oTAA
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 7RM$%'n \
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). xCz(qR
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 C,Q>OkSc
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. xDG8C39qrs
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) I9rWut @+
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） vmm#UjwF3
He no less than John is interested in literature. FM$XMD0=
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) C;];4[XR
Either my father or my brothers are coming. b1JXC=*@
8. each,every,many a（否定=no） , no …+主语，谓语用单数。 !f[ LFQ D
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. / CEn yE/
真题剖析 5RXZ$/
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. pyYm<dn
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some X Uc(7>k
倒装 4<[,"<G~3
全部倒装 P|HxD0c^u
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” 8'[g?
There stand big buildings in this district. n4\UoKq
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. zrVw l\&
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) F F X-k S
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. wd*8w$\
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 Z>
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In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. Ro3C(aRx
4. 表语位于句首 qM78s>\-h
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. '[(]62j
Not far from here is a famous university. .UX`@Q:Gp
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 Wd "<u2
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. @
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Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. 8 p D$/
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） =2v/f_
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. Io_bS+
部分倒装 #C^)W/dP
1. 疑问句 `|kW%L4
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） xb{G
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Never did John speak rudely to his parents. {<ms;Oi'
3. “only+状语”位于句首 wNc.z*+O"H
Only when he comes back can be leave. ]q^6az(Ud
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 V'b$P2 ?^
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. , GO H8h
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) Q$,AQyBlqc
By no means should you break the rules. Iu" 7
At no time should we give in to difficulties. ri.}G
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 要是。。。。就好了 EK u%I~eM
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” lo!^h]iE !
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. tKS'#y!R
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
