考博英语语法重点总结 f y8Uk;
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 %u5]>]M+
独立主格特征 dC4'{ n| 7
1. 充当句子的状语。 >yh2Lri
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 HUO j0T
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 #cLBQJ q
4. With + 名词 Z j4Uak
（代词） + 分词 (形容词） [PKR2UEe]
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. '[O;zJN;
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. da ~],MN
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). u
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真题剖析 uUw5l})%Fi
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. XBw)H
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because :p6M =
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. -s'-eQF J
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be ?b5 ^
虚拟语气 ji,kkipY?w
虚拟语气（2） qb` \)X]9
1. （should）+动词原形 :T(|&F[(
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 ~.lPEA %%
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 vgN&K@hJ
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 w"& n? L
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 @gXx1hEg
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 应该有所行动，实际还没有行动 O!b Op=
would rather +动词过去式（宁愿已经做，其实没做）宁愿，，，就好了I would rather you were not married.(实际have married) , SnSW -P
真题剖析 _2 osV[e
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … SOvF[,+
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t 1 I",L&S1
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. &Z|P2 dI
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded s=/v';5J2!
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. 2SR: FUV/
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take iM 3V=&)
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. `,*5wBC
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) liz~7RY4
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should 0NX,QD
非谓语动词 0% I=d
动名词、分词、不定式。 ,U dVNA
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) GF=g<H
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发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) T: W4$P
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 v
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真题剖析 >Wg hn:^
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. n#_$\
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops ZLAy-
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(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. v0jgki4 t
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative *$ %a:q1U
主谓一致 Gjo`&#
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 yY&I dE
How you got there doesn’t concern me. \ 6*I'|5 d
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. N_[*
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2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 ;q6Ki.D
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. fNZ__gO
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3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 !ff&W1@
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 K~u q,~
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). A
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5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 #" iu| D
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. r<Kx0`y
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) .];=Pu^
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） X1vd'>
He no less than John is interested in literature. M} v/tRI
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) K~ eh P[^
Either my father or my brothers are coming. `(/w y
8. each,every,many a（否定=no） , no …+主语，谓语用单数。 o"R7,N0rB
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. ThbGQ"/
真题剖析 =] Jd9]vi
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. v9O~ @v{=
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some Q9G;V]./
倒装 qE3UO<FA
全部倒装 tc{s B\&-
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” O2dW6bt
There stand big buildings in this district. ve2u=eQ1
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. .O }%
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) 9kS^Abtk
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. :I^;jdL
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 vJOw]cw q
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. +8Ymw:D7a
4. 表语位于句首 o@i#| kx,
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. vbe|hO""
Not far from here is a famous university. x!58cS*
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 } .y
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She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. 9=h'9Wo
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. v"XGC i91L
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） 8jo p_PG'
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. k:F9. j%*
部分倒装 3e;^/kf<9
1. 疑问句 e:n<E nT
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） ll.N^y;a
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. H0`]V6+<f
3. “only+状语”位于句首 ?3zc=J"t
Only when he comes back can be leave. "8^
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4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 *ipFw Q
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. cir$voL
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) m\r@@!
By no means should you break the rules. T)TfB (
At no time should we give in to difficulties. ?6un4EVL{
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 要是。。。。就好了 ^!ZC?h!rG
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” ,\
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. RcM
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Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
