考博英语语法重点总结 Ls~F4ar$/
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 ob 3Z
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独立主格特征 &:ib>EB03=
1. 充当句子的状语。 i'}Z>g5D
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 'G-zJcU
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 std4Nyp
4. With + 名词
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（代词） + 分词 (形容词） !ENb \'>J>
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. .sk$ @Q
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. xo46L\
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). E'J|
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真题剖析 a ykNH>#Po
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. T; u >]"S
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because /o19/Pvwm
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. @
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8. A. is B. having C. being D. be 3B<$ 6
虚拟语气 p ^U:O&U(
虚拟语气（2） ?`oCc [hY
1. （should）+动词原形 . d;XLS~
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 K]
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It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 6BJPQdqSl
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 7O)U(<70
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 +##b}?S%
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 应该有所行动，实际还没有行动 H?P:;1A]c
would rather +动词过去式（宁愿已经做，其实没做）宁愿，，，就好了I would rather you were not married.(实际have married) pOCLyM9c
真题剖析 Qn77ZpL:LJ
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … }wh)I]]U
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t pv=g)
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. Fvy__ qcHi
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded u(7PtmV[!
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. O/9 dPod
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take ag-\(i;K]
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. 4
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(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) 99@uU[&IJ
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should @ N,EoSb :
非谓语动词 5' /Ney9N
动名词、分词、不定式。 bUf2 uWy7
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) -bo5/`x
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ISI\<
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To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 'b#`8k~>
真题剖析 &+\J "V8
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. M1^?_; B
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops kzG m D i
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. 6.},y<E
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative -aDGXQM{~
主谓一致 l+'@y (}Q
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 XYtDovbv &
How you got there doesn’t concern me. c
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Growing vegetables needs constant watering. |1zoT|}q
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 .az +'1
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. Amf
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3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 7t7"glP
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 7*8R:X+^r
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). @U CGsw
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 -y70-K3
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. Hn5:*;N
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) V &U1WV/
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） i>YD_#w
He no less than John is interested in literature. -xS{{ "-
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) fmf3 H
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Either my father or my brothers are coming. ,U+y)w]ar
8. each,every,many a（否定=no） , no …+主语，谓语用单数。 F.2<G.9
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. ~0"(C#l 9
真题剖析 kLa9'c 0
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. '\8gY((7
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some R57>z`;
倒装 b(JQ>,hX
全部倒装 We&~]-b AW
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” `yYo Vu*
There stand big buildings in this district. .?T ,>#R
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. $VOSd<87
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) t*H r
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In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. ZbVo<p5* ]
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 jFbj)!;
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. M0Y#=u
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4. 表语位于句首 {j$ :9 H
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. I`k%/ei 38
Not far from here is a famous university. nn[OC=cDN
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 A [W3.$s
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. /-%0y2"7
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. HK_Vk\ e
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） n~ w.\939@
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. vmEbk/Vy
部分倒装 fXNl27c-
1. 疑问句 X5[.X()M4
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） u={A4A#
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. l9Xz,H
3. “only+状语”位于句首 T S2zzYE6Z
Only when he comes back can be leave. tqo k.h
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 }Pi}?
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No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. 'Cr2 &
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5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) dgbq
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By no means should you break the rules. 4~8!3JH39
At no time should we give in to difficulties. || p>O
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 要是。。。。就好了 prypo.RI
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词”
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Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. -_`dA^
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
