医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 }PxPJ$o
一、肺 Lung 9&'HhJm
清晰 clear ]I(<hDuRp
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows $DhW=(YM_a
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings 52' 0l>
钙化灶 calcified ?Y_!Fr3V
空洞 cavitation ]w~ECP(ap
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) 5@`dKFB5
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density
u'qc=5
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows !_+ok$"d
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density RBV*e9P%
圆形致密影 a round density !'8jy_<9
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening V7$-4%NL
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle -Rj3cx
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement $im6v
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion _!^2A3c<
液气胸 hydropneumothorax M b(hdS90
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement mjJ/rx{kbw
肺门模糊 hilar haze -\V;Gw8mD
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density @zSj&4
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) ZBXn&Gm
阴影性状 shadow !b'!7p
淡的 haziness 6yhRcvJ}
云雾状 clouding C &&33L
线装 streaky XseP[
絮状 patcky Zl{DqC^
结节状 nodular Pt?d+aBtV
块状 massive 4\(|V
fy
粟粒状 miliary hXQo>t-$
融合状 confluent K#a_7/!v/
均匀的 homogeneous uAv'%/
二、心脏 Heart e\ O&Xe
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement 2[5z6oG
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta %e1`wMa
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart + wF5(
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment !E9A=u{
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery -|`E'b81
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow },vVc
/
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement KhPDkD-
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation S<"`9r)av
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart @po|07
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta 9Q:}VpT~nG
心腰部 waist of heart -
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垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart Tg/rV5@ka
三、腹部平片 KUB film x).`nZ1
结石 calculus _43 :1!os
钙化影 calcified shadow DK }1T
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern N="H
06t
液气平面 gas-fluid level e%.|PZ)
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air LJm
Ra
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination +@#k<.yqn
胃肠造影 gastroenterography :
y(HOUB
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography c9axzg
UA
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign {^SHIL
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) (vr
v-4
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine %XK<[BF
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon 6'QlC+E
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time *OMW" NZ;
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach _chX
{_Hu-
充盈缺损 filling defect Pqb])-M9p
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds 7="I;
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) IL N0/eH
球部激惹现象 irritable cap Z<n%~z^
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis)
Xw{Qktn
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis
fDIKR[B
蠕动消失 aperistalsis _4MT,kN
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation f1}b;JJTsv
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon &?j]L4
%
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold Hy0l"CA*|
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold R7-+@
五、胆道 bile tract S#l6=zI7^R
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography ECEDNib
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography `#w`-
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography R=u!RcvR
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) qL
h[BR
胆总管扩张dilated common duct u+/1ryp
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily ,I|Tj C5
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately YR}
P;
收缩功能 contractibility v05B7^1@_
六、骨骼skeleton v$i[dZSN[
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone w
UBug
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance S6pvbaMZ
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction %V3xO%
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction)
%h-?ff[
骨化 ossification .B|a.-oA4
畸形 deformity e[AwR?=
缩短 shortening <fm0B3i?
移位 displacement +`H{
脱位 luxation jVhfpS[
半脱位 subluxation )RE~=*?d
连接不正 malunion s@c.nT%BYL
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture c (Gl3^
多发性骨折 multiple fracture mfpL?N
病理性骨折 pathological fracture ~56F<=#,
关节间隙 joint space :Z'q1kW@"
椎间隙 intervertebral space L=9w
3VXS
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage #(KE9h%
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) P:8P>#L
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis '5BM*4,:O
死骨 sequestrum Skn2-8;10
骨质坏死 bone necrosis :n t
\uwh
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint hy?e?^
关节强直 ankyloses ?6[X=GeUs
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation nB+ e2e&
对线良好 good alignment Rw9 *!<Izt
对位良好 good apposition V.k2t$@
七、泌尿系统 urological system O%n =n3
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) Q|`sYm'.
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography ,9:0T LLR
萎缩 atrophy :O(<3"P/
移位 deformity )]?"H
扭曲 distortion LBkAi(0rd
充盈缺损 filling defect p*^[
~} N
狭窄 stricture DY~zi
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone tbP
;iK'
八、X线检查位置 h5.>};"@'
前后位 anteroposterior projection %`~?w'
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection C"We>!
侧位 lateral projection lVmm`q6n9
立位 upright position :$#";t|
斜位 oblique projection Td`0;R'<}c
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection 8+irul{H_
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection FLI0C
前凸位 lordotic position projection ~/B[;#
轴位 axial position 5l&9BS&
头位 cranial projection Cy~Pfty
尾位 caudal projection k7\h- yn{