医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 U09.Y
一、肺 Lung 4S0>-?{
清晰 clear pVp:@0h
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows <hnCUg1
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings -a Gcf]6
钙化灶 calcified bZ_mYyBh
空洞 cavitation ;#G oGb4AM
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) tL
SN`6[:
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density %b.UPS@I
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows 1iT\df
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density >Y 1{rSk
圆形致密影 a round density }G46g#_6d>
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening u
]^N&2UW
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle $5`!Z%>/
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement
/T^ JS
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion gQSNU_o Z
液气胸 hydropneumothorax u.px
z8
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement >C WKH~
肺门模糊 hilar haze 6< J
#^ 6
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density g o5]<4`r
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) jcCoan
阴影性状 shadow XB hb`AG
淡的 haziness vqsli
rC
云雾状 clouding sH,kW|D
线装 streaky m4k
Bj*6c{
絮状 patcky o{v&.z
结节状 nodular +^aFs S
块状 massive >>l`,+y
粟粒状 miliary 4Ph
0:^i_
融合状 confluent TG48%L
均匀的 homogeneous ,?UM;^
二、心脏 Heart A% Q
!^d
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement TjWE_Bq]g
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta >!e<}84b
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart djQv[Vc{
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment K`}{0@ilCw
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery Mvj;ic6iK
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow lA!"z~03*
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement &hHW3Q(1
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation $aCd
/&
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart )O+}T5c=
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta -F&U
心腰部 waist of heart Z#d
&|5Xj
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart \mM<\-'p
三、腹部平片 KUB film Jo(`zuLJ
结石 calculus yfQ5:X
钙化影 calcified shadow %m,6}yt
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern <>eOC9;VY
液气平面 gas-fluid level mpC`Yk
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air =.<@`1
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination 8kE]_t
胃肠造影 gastroenterography e<7.y#L
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography <P ,~eX(r
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign hDP/JN8y
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) O-]mebTvw
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine )C(>H93
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon ,H}_%}10
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time #?MY&hdU9
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach r;9 r!$d
充盈缺损 filling defect +h^jC9,m~{
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds
j1?j6s
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) ~"pKe~h
球部激惹现象 irritable cap Xdi:1wW@p
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) @J{m@ji{
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis iUMY!eqp
蠕动消失 aperistalsis Sw^X2$h
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation =4uSFK_L
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon xX3'bsN
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold 7*j
(
*
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold Gir#
"5F
五、胆道 bile tract V$0dtvGvH
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography ~pa!w?/bQ
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography R(.}C)q3
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography ,h|q i[7
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) {NpM.;
胆总管扩张dilated common duct !-s!f&_
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily 8u[-'pV!
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately 5tQ1fJze
收缩功能 contractibility Q
4CjA3
六、骨骼skeleton |+ N5z
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone 'c\iK=fl
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance Li*eGlId
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction =to=8H-
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) 5J8r8` t
骨化 ossification }QZQ3@
畸形 deformity zf3v5Hk
缩短 shortening ceNix!P
移位 displacement iy
""(c
脱位 luxation #plY\0E@
半脱位 subluxation u!1{Vt87
连接不正 malunion XMG]Wf^%\<
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture 1+?^0%AC
多发性骨折 multiple fracture -OSa>-bzNx
病理性骨折 pathological fracture SkU9ON
关节间隙 joint space ETs>`#`6o
椎间隙 intervertebral space s/089jlc
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage P2Vg 4
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) q -8t'7
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis D7_*k%;@
死骨 sequestrum yDNOt
C|
骨质坏死 bone necrosis A 7[:5$
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint YKQr,
Now
关节强直 ankyloses ]qhPd_$?D'
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation YJ$1N!rG
对线良好 good alignment -*.-9B~u
对位良好 good apposition W`^@)|9^)
七、泌尿系统 urological system hlt[\LP=$
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) A_KW(;50
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography ](|\whI
萎缩 atrophy rj!0GI
移位 deformity `p+Zz"/
扭曲 distortion 47J5oPT2'
充盈缺损 filling defect w6j/ Dq!
狭窄 stricture @IXsy
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone k1Q?'<`
八、X线检查位置
D=
7c(
前后位 anteroposterior projection $tl\UH7%2
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection i~r l o^
侧位 lateral projection *g^x*|f6
立位 upright position :,)lm.}]t
斜位 oblique projection g:EVhuK
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection QE7V.
>J_p
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection 13Lr}M&
前凸位 lordotic position projection 4!KoFoZt*
轴位 axial position &4_qF^9J
头位 cranial projection jmeRrnC}
尾位 caudal projection tor!Dl@Mo