医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 ma/<#l^}
一、肺 Lung 7W+{U02O
清晰 clear "Y"`'U=v
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows =>&~p\Aw
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings Bsk` e
钙化灶 calcified oW>e.}d!
空洞 cavitation xa967Ki9"
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) P,7R/-u 5D
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density uLfk>&hc
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows V0*MY{x
#S
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density @PK
1
圆形致密影 a round density +(`.pa z@
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening "|N0oEG&
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle H> n;[
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement HIvSh6|0p
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion };'~@%U]/
液气胸 hydropneumothorax 9)n3f^,Oj*
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement dIA1\;@
肺门模糊 hilar haze 5kHU'D
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density c0_5
12
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) -k%|sqDZj
阴影性状 shadow kkOjAp{<t
淡的 haziness <W^>:!?w
云雾状 clouding sdKm@p|/|
线装 streaky >
lI2r}
絮状 patcky &x@N5j5Q
结节状 nodular B9`_~~^U5
块状 massive 6kONuG7Yv
粟粒状 miliary /<J5?H
融合状 confluent MB6lKLy6~
均匀的 homogeneous @-ir
二、心脏 Heart DtZ7UX\P
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement hy
3?.
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta :Yi 4Ia
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart j,1cb,}=^
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment Pb7-pu5X
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery w3Dqpo8E
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow DRRy5+,I
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement #BI6+rfv|
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation 99[v/L>F
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart BbgKaC q
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta Tq%##
心腰部 waist of heart b^<7@tY
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart bGik~
三、腹部平片 KUB film h3p~\%^
结石 calculus '~x jaa;.
钙化影 calcified shadow |+1k7S,
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern CSr2\ogT
液气平面 gas-fluid level )!sjXiC!h
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air T6=~vOzTJ
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination hNF, sA
胃肠造影 gastroenterography v2>Dn
=V
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography ?1H>k<Jp
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign 0fa8.g#I$
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) M:%Ll3
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine '~pZj"uy
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon Y_nlIcu
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time f/i[?
gw
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach q94*2@KV
充盈缺损 filling defect J 77*Ue^
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds 4Gsq)i17j
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) l
i2/"~l
球部激惹现象 irritable cap n:%A4*
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) TA+/35^?
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis 'V*8'?
蠕动消失 aperistalsis dkOERVRe
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation C,5Erb/
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon [
Ny'vAHOj
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold +fq;o8q
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold jHc/ EZB
五、胆道 bile tract )H1chNI)
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography liVDBbS_A?
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography q<A,S8'm
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography GoG_4:^#h
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) A|P
`\_
胆总管扩张dilated common duct V;]U]
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily 6 bt{j
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately SwmX_F#_
收缩功能 contractibility hFt ~7R
六、骨骼skeleton "4i_}
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone #>qA&*+{n
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance C,3
yu,'
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction JPS<e*5
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) ?[
v
C?P
骨化 ossification 2N_9S?a3sK
畸形 deformity TWTRMc;z+
缩短 shortening Vq#_/23=$y
移位 displacement 74*iF'f?c
脱位 luxation *wfkjG
半脱位 subluxation 9i#K{CkC|
连接不正 malunion lpeo^Y}N
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture 'P~6_BW
多发性骨折 multiple fracture T 9?!
.o
病理性骨折 pathological fracture +v'n[xa1v
关节间隙 joint space 9TW
椎间隙 intervertebral space
<(-4?"1
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage ^o*$+DbC
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) &b&o];a
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis 5A
i$1'*p
死骨 sequestrum
T89VSB~
骨质坏死 bone necrosis f^X\ N/
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint >~^##bIb
关节强直 ankyloses :7Q,
`W9
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation ~j2=hkS
对线良好 good alignment kXbd
R
对位良好 good apposition 1
+'HKT}
七、泌尿系统 urological system ;]^JUmxU[d
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) +bK.{1
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography CVFsp>+
萎缩 atrophy >K;'dB/m;1
移位 deformity q<cpU'-#
扭曲 distortion 3M&75OE
充盈缺损 filling defect >, }m=X8
狭窄 stricture @*c)
s_
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone bz?
*#S
八、X线检查位置 %lU$;cY
前后位 anteroposterior projection (8(z42
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection =JnUTc_u
侧位 lateral projection (7rG~d1iS
立位 upright position f V.(v&
斜位 oblique projection ]X)EO49
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection VmB/X))
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection ? I}T[j
前凸位 lordotic position projection a;
Y9wn
轴位 axial position cZ7b$MZ%9
头位 cranial projection ]eq3cwR[|
尾位 caudal projection ASLRP