医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 '8=/v*j>?
一、肺 Lung %"^8$A?>,k
清晰 clear v?0F
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows ^.PCQ~Ql
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings oS^KC}X
钙化灶 calcified F}?4h Dt
空洞 cavitation 8p]9A,Uq&
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion)
0ZJj5<U
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density zPN:)
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows 9e Fj+
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density quRTA"!E
圆形致密影 a round density nF$HWp>
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening ty'/i!/\
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle H$.K
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement 0o!mlaU#
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion Xw3j(`w$,
液气胸 hydropneumothorax .y<u+)
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement ,Oe:SZJ>
肺门模糊 hilar haze ~;#sj&~
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density tAsap}(
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) [iZH[7&j
阴影性状 shadow 2M=h:::W
淡的 haziness ;cB3D3fR.
云雾状 clouding -Aojk8tc
线装 streaky x#gZC1$Y
絮状 patcky <@P. 'rE
结节状 nodular xkv%4H>
块状 massive .f"1(J8
粟粒状 miliary V>/,&~0
融合状 confluent [>t;P,
均匀的 homogeneous `][vaLd`Q
二、心脏 Heart .+kg1=s
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement 4XAs^>N+
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta lV$CBS
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart ==Xy'n9'
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment Qj|rNeM_
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery M\-[C!h,
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow &,yF{9$G
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement -+Ot'^
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation }xBDyr63
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart 6VVxpDAi:
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta Tgax ZW
心腰部 waist of heart ]YtN6Rq/
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart ?dbSm3
三、腹部平片 KUB film `hdff0
结石 calculus AwjXY,2
钙化影 calcified shadow m#8(l{3|
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern Hi$R"O
(
液气平面 gas-fluid level uAqiL>y
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air T~k @Z
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination -fXQ62:S
胃肠造影 gastroenterography }dpTR9j=
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography K4jHha
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign Le:C8^
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) <D3mt Q
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine 3]GMQA{L)
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon vi
*A5
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time Ln2FG4{
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach r5N TTc
充盈缺损 filling defect l cHf\~
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds >
mX6;6FF
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) 8QK8q:|
球部激惹现象 irritable cap ?tL' X
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) |Z94@uB
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis hNsi
8/
蠕动消失 aperistalsis z?.9)T9_
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation xYCJO(&
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon Yi?bY
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold L7;~4_M9.V
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold 4NW!{Vw ,
五、胆道 bile tract #
:k=
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography a`n)aXU l
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography ~qj(&[U{c\
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography 't}\U&
L.{
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) _wK.n.,S~
胆总管扩张dilated common duct &TBFt;
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily Q&xH
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately E&zf<Y
收缩功能 contractibility I2WP/
六、骨骼skeleton yy=hCjQ)
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone 4h@,hY1#
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance HzGwO^tbK
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction _
\X ,a5Un
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) BP@tI|
骨化 ossification 'Og@<~/Xy
畸形 deformity Bh2l3J4X
缩短 shortening h;jO7+W
移位 displacement ah:["< z<
脱位 luxation dT*Yv`
h
半脱位 subluxation H?];8wq$G
连接不正 malunion XLt/$Caf
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture AJ7^'p9Y
多发性骨折 multiple fracture B#S8j18M
病理性骨折 pathological fracture 8C@u+tx
关节间隙 joint space W+!UVUpW
椎间隙 intervertebral space o'$"MC+
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage g=$U&Hgs
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) !2KQi=Ng
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis o@zxzZWg
死骨 sequestrum aNEah
骨质坏死 bone necrosis FSA%,b;U
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint '_G\_h}5
关节强直 ankyloses sWo`dZ\6WB
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation -p_5T*R
对线良好 good alignment UmWXv#q\l
对位良好 good apposition ^1.*NG8
七、泌尿系统 urological system
T06(Q[)
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) D8wf`RUt
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography ae sk.
萎缩 atrophy G^W0!u,@
移位 deformity X!Z)V)@J8
扭曲 distortion gPKf8{#%e
充盈缺损 filling defect Pz2 b
狭窄 stricture [j0[c9.p[
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone T ?[28|
八、X线检查位置 8D )nM|
前后位 anteroposterior projection =o##z5j
K
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection GM%OO)dO}
侧位 lateral projection 9S|sTf
立位 upright position $K^l=X
斜位 oblique projection (I}owr 5:
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection wN!\$i@E:
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection DU%E883
前凸位 lordotic position projection src9EeiV
轴位 axial position 27D*FItc
头位 cranial projection !{jw!bB
尾位 caudal projection )*BZ
o
>"