医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 6@Y|"b
一、肺 Lung 3ANQaUC
清晰 clear !VK|u8i
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows Q7A MRrN
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings D3A/l
钙化灶 calcified p<;0g9,1
空洞 cavitation |)G<,FJQE_
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) 3BLq CZ
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density 9g?(BI^z
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows 4Xv*wB1
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density E~:x(5'%d
圆形致密影 a round density -!9G0h&i|
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening bJ;'`sw1
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle wvPk:1wD5
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement >"<Wjr8W!$
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion _-F s#f8
液气胸 hydropneumothorax IqGdfL6[(
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement v9->nVc-
肺门模糊 hilar haze x$%!U[!3
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density k;L6R!V
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) E+JqWR5
阴影性状 shadow 4a]P7fx-
淡的 haziness +d;bjo 2
云雾状 clouding 6JQ'Ik;$wX
线装 streaky alvrh'51
絮状 patcky
#C3.Jef
结节状 nodular m9Hit8f@Q
块状 massive IN G@B#Cl
粟粒状 miliary jalg5`PU0
融合状 confluent #lW`{i
均匀的 homogeneous ^v`\x5"Vp
二、心脏 Heart uRr o?m<
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement 0_t`%l=
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta !I
Qck8Y
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart `$C
n~dT
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment y;H-m>*%
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery 9p2&)kb6
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow >
"=>3
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement 3kMf!VL
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation 7x4PaX(
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart sp*v?5lW
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta R!N%o~C2-
心腰部 waist of heart l2P=R)@{
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart 'u b@]ru|
三、腹部平片 KUB film OH(waKq2I
结石 calculus <<R*2b
钙化影 calcified shadow e&aWq@D
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern "~
C,bk
液气平面 gas-fluid level exUu7&*:
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air ^RtIh-Z.9
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination ` v@m-j6
胃肠造影 gastroenterography *6DB0X_-}
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography "u^H#L>-q
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign (rm?jDm
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) o="M
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine l3I:Q^x@
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon >_"an~Ss
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time 'Xq|Kf (
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach Ks`J([(W&
充盈缺损 filling defect p xa*'h"b^
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds ")XHak.JX
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) {go;C}
球部激惹现象 irritable cap
MC.)2B7
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) qm8B8&-
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis )g#T9tx2D
蠕动消失 aperistalsis Ata:^qI
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation Y;^l%ePuW
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon 9u}Hmb
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold tq6!`L }3
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold Tc`=f'pP)4
五、胆道 bile tract 7XLtN "$$
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography
RF4vtQC=
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography >T
3-
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography q" sed]
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) `l){!rg8IC
胆总管扩张dilated common duct Tg)|or/%
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily wX5tp1 ?1J
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately
j8{i#;s!"
收缩功能 contractibility Pz |>
"'
六、骨骼skeleton (G4at2YLd
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone hl (hJfp
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance QP8Ei~
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction )<;Y-u.UW
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) a
/l)qB#
骨化 ossification g:D>.lKd
畸形 deformity )j(7]uX`
缩短 shortening \lf;P?M^
移位 displacement D] jzAx
脱位 luxation _j/<{vS y
半脱位 subluxation #Z`q+@@]A
连接不正 malunion G"U9E5O
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture K'Tm_"[u
多发性骨折 multiple fracture Z/;(fL
病理性骨折 pathological fracture }{qZ[/JwqN
关节间隙 joint space )=Z>#iH1
椎间隙 intervertebral space 3kIN~/<R+7
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage ?U5{Wa85D
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) '4Ixqb+
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis ~u
!|qM
死骨 sequestrum W5lR0)~#*
骨质坏死 bone necrosis Vb4#,
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint R{3N&C
关节强直 ankyloses S)k*?dQ##R
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation gsvuE
对线良好 good alignment Lh"<XYY
对位良好 good apposition BNl5!X^{
七、泌尿系统 urological system `d
+Da=L
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) i]y<|W)Q3
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography k\YG^I
萎缩 atrophy *_{j=sd
移位 deformity *{@Nq=fE
扭曲 distortion KB,j7
~V
充盈缺损 filling defect Ar|0b}=)>
狭窄 stricture WZejp}x
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone y$F'(b|)
八、X线检查位置 <#y[gTJ<'>
前后位 anteroposterior projection BB$>h}
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection #m<nAR
侧位 lateral projection Z{Qu<vy_
立位 upright position >,Ci?[pf
斜位 oblique projection vq0Tk
bzs
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection &yTqZ*Yuk
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection 9y8&9<#
前凸位 lordotic position projection `?qF$g9u~
轴位 axial position B6As,)RjD:
头位 cranial projection W$;,CU.v
尾位 caudal projection 7P5)Z-K[