(2)动词have第三人称用has,其余人称都用have。 ziLr }/tg
(3)第三人称单数需要在动词词尾加-s或-es。 6XOpB^@
2)基本用法 DX%8.@
(1)用于表示客观真理、科学事实或习惯性的动作以及存在的特征、状态,常用的时 O&?CoA?
间标志是:often, always, sometimes, usually, every day ( week, month, year, morning ) , :d%
-,v
seldom等。例如:
];b!*Z
The sun rises in the east. pZ_FVID
He usually goes to work by bus. :|m~<'g
The Jones always go to church on Sunday. MR)KLM0
(2)表示按计划或安排好的将来的动作,常用的词有:go, be, start, arrive, stay等。例 u6qi
如: Y%CL@G60
The plane arrives in Beijing this afternoon. [BZ(p
The project starts early this year. X^
^?}>t[
There is a conference tonight. 2p3u6\y
(3)由if, when 引导的条件和时间状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如: #Rm=Em}d
When you see him, please say hello to him for me. vn%U;}
If it is fine tomorrow, we will go outing. a5U2[Ko80
2 、一般过去时 /<?X-IDz.{
1)构成:动词过去式 l LD)i J1
2)基本用法 WlQ&Yau
用于表示过去某一时刻或时期内发生的动作或状态。常用的时间标志词有: S4:\`L
o-;
yesterday, then, later, next day, just now, a moment ago,ago, last year (week, month)或由 %`\3V
{2*
when, while等引导的表明过去时间的状语从句。例如: $L#Z?76v
He died five years ago. 5.K$
X$+7}
In those days we sowed the wheat by hand. Lq
$4.l[j
He has given up smoking, but a year ago he 9y|&T
smoked 100 cigarettes a week. lRATrp#T
When he was a child, he sold newspapers for a living. -Ib+ /'
3 、一般将来时 C"` 'Re5)
1)构成 v!RB(T3
will +动词原形 zR JKIm
2)基本用法 dG~B3xg;5i
用于表示将来的动作或状态。常用的时间标志词有:the day after tomorrow in等。 sv{0XVn+^
例如:They will have a final examination this afternoon. MoR-8vnJ
3)表示将来时的其他形式 K^qUlyv
(1) “be going to + 动词原形”表示很快就要发生的 事或打算要做的事或有迹象表 HxqV[|}0u
明即将发生的事。例如: ie)1 h
The director is going to call on a meeting to discuss it. :-WCW);N
(2) “be to +动词原形”表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作或表示命令、禁止或 /
-qt}
可能性。例如: ,a_{ Y+
The Prime Minister is to speak on TV tonight. NF)\">Ye
(3) “be + 现在分词”表示一个最近按计划或安排要 进行的动作,常用于表示位 rIWN!@.J
置转移的词,如go, come,arrive,leave, start等,或其他动词。例如: 1
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We're leaving on Friday. K\E]X\:
They're moving to another hotel the day after tomorrow. rB&j"p}Q
(4)“be about + 动词原形”表示即将做某事。可译 成汉语“将要,正要”。例如: 8YLZ)k'
He is about to retire. rKs WS~U
4 、现在进行时 "JLhOTPaHf
1)构成:由 “am, is, are + 现在分词”构成。 (kNTXhAr4
2)基本用法 k+GK1Yl
(1) 用于此刻正在进行的动作。例如: 2c`=S5
What are you doing ? I'm writing a report. ecI
2]aKi
Hurry up!We’re all waiting for you. oS|~\,p"
(2) 与always, continually, constantly, for ever等频度副词连用,表示某种带有感情色彩 I4X+'fW,
(赞叹、抱怨、厌烦等)的现阶段经常发生的动作。例如: iK:qPrk-
He is constantly complaining about his job. nMdN$E
She’s always borrowing and forgetting to pay me back. Qufv@.'AY
5 、现在完成时 [W;dguh
1)构成: 由“have / has 十过去分词”构成。 0?;Hmq3
2)基本用法 QT l._j@
表示动作已经完成或刚刚完成或过去开始的动作一直持续到现在,而且可能持续下 3b[+m}UWQ
去。常用的时间标志词有:already, before, ever, just, once, recently, yet 等或由since }'0Xz9/ l
引导的短语或从句和for引导的表示一段时间的短语。例如: 12'(MAP
We’ve just back. &vvx"
We have studied English for more than ten years. f4y;K>u7p
He has lived here since 1995. q]%bd[zkz
I have played the piano since 1 came to England. vA-p}]%
Have you booked your hotel yet
(BQ3M-
注意:现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 *vE C,)
(1)过去与现在的关系 LU7)F,ok
这两种时态都表示过去发生过的动作,但前者强调的是过去的动作对现在的影 TaO;r=2
响,后者只表示过去某一时间发生过的动作而与现在无关,即不强调该动作对现在 g E+OQWu
造成的影响。 LtWU"42
(2)时间状语不同 |ylTy B
一般过去时带有明确的表示过去时间的状语,现在完成时带有already, yet, just, ftuQ"Ds
ever, never 等表示不定时间的状语以及表示到现在为止这段时间的状语,如 up till T`{MQ:s
now, so far, recently, this morning ( week, term ) 等。例如: b!~%a
I have just opened the door.(现在门是开着的。) 3Wxtxk._E
I opened the door just now. ( open 只是过去发生的一个动作,门现在不一定是 < LAD
开着的。)
QLU;.&
6 、过去进行时 ZDJWd=E
1)构成:由“was / were +现在分词”构成。 8"UG&wLT
2)基本用法 q0Lt[*q3R
表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。其时间标志是:带有表示过去时间的状语从句或通过上下文判断的过去时间。例如: cP=mJ1
I was reading a newspaper when he came in last night. .(]1PKW
They were having a meeting at this time yesterday. (jFE{M$-
7 、过去完成时 ByvqwJY
1)构成:由“had 十过去分词”构成。 n<&R"89
2)基本用法 w=o m7%J@l
表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作,表示的是“过去的过去”。常用的 A"VXs1>_^
时间标志是by, before 等介词或连词引导的短语或从句。例如: `b'J*4|oGo
I had just finished the work when Peter phoned me yesterday morning e`1s[ ^B
The plane had taken off when we got to the airport. bxe 97]
The boy had chased the cow away before it did more damage. B F|FW
8 、过去将来时 x#mk[S
V
1)构成:由“should/would +动词原形”构成。 ,#OG/r-H
2)基本用法 OVf|4J/Yx
表示过去某一时刻之后将要发生的动作或情况,通常用于主句谓语动词是一般过去 TFPq(i
时的宾语从句中。例如: FY*0gp
He said he would stop smoking next month. :#jv4N
We wanted to know when the English class would begin. 'q
S!n
9 、将来完成时 )/N! {`.9
1)构成:由“shall (will) + have + 过去分词”构成。 Y
@&nW
2)基本用法 " T=LHj E
表示将来某一时刻之前完成的动作。例如: Z@A 1+kUS
By this time next year I will have opened my first book store. f L?~1i =
Hurry up! Otherwise the train will have left before we get to the station. boovCW
10 、现在完成进行时 dL)5~V8s
1)构成 +t
{
FF!mL
2)基本用法 H`@7o8oj1
表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作,这个动作可能还会继续下去或是 t[,\TM^h}0
到说话的时候刚刚结束,但强调到说话时为止动作一直进行着。常常与表示一段时间的 x%&V!L
状语连用。例如: k"zHrn"$
I have been reading this novel the whole morning. G[,VPC=
He has been studying English for years. 8, ^UQ5
x
He has been playing computer games since early morning. >UH=]$0N
注意:现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 wX;NU4)n
1)现在完成进行时强调动作的延续。例如: H/f=
2b
They have been building a ship.(在进行中) Kn|dnq|G
They have built a ship.(已完成) ?GZs5CnS
I’ve been writing letters for an hour.(我还有很多信要写。) 0g4cyK~n]
2)现在完成进行时能够表达情感。例如:I’ve been waiting there for about two hours! 8/v_ uEG
(表达不满情绪)
^k=[P
II. 动词的语态 OYy8u{@U:
英语中,语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。被动语态由“be + 动词的过去分词”构成。 enM 3
现以call为例将被动语态的不同时态列表如下: u Rg^:
一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 0nAS4Az
现在 is/are/am called is/am/are being called have/has been called '/?&Go