考博英语语法重点总结 G>Bgw># _
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 X: FyNUa
独立主格特征 aorL ,l
1. 充当句子的状语。 a"+ VP> 4
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 | /-# N
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 @8YuMD;
4. With + 名词 ,g
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（代词） + 分词 (形容词） EZ Q!~
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. E?0RR'
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. ?#5)TAW
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). 11J:>A5zt
真题剖析 r|jBKq~
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. 6{Bvl[mhI
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because gi
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练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. [woxCfSA
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be y9:o]; /
虚拟语气 ~O~ we
虚拟语气（2） OUH d@up@n
1. （should）+动词原形 Tq6@
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It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句
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It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 B@3>_};Ct
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 z Hj_q%A
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 @0:mP
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 应该有所行动，实际还没有行动 q r/N ?,
would rather +动词过去式（宁愿已经做，其实没做）宁愿，，，就好了I would rather you were not married.(实际have married) H% c{ }F
真题剖析 L D5E
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … XG6UV('
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t wa9{Q}wSa
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. Bo a?Ghg
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded X/wqfP
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. |}roR{gc|
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take Xp3cYS* u
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. d7QQ5FiB
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) {Q~A;t
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should 4fzM%ku
非谓语动词 ; ,&1
动名词、分词、不定式。 4~r=[|(aY
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) My'6 yQL
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 4B8{\ "6
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 mk~Lkwl
真题剖析 Ts:pk
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. W m ?R B0
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops ex2*oqAdX
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. c~Hq.K$d
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative V
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主谓一致 STB=# z
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 4d3PF`,H`
How you got there doesn’t concern me. dDk<J;~jGJ
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. N1!
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2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 V9m1n=r
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. r,b-c
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 /$x6//0If
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 lBTgI"n=eK
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). mv xg|<
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 UeT"v?zP
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. XH2g: $
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) 66%kq [
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） bLoYg^T/
He no less than John is interested in literature. F+AShh
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) .x1EdfHed/
Either my father or my brothers are coming. $0K9OF9$
8. each,every,many a（否定=no） , no …+主语，谓语用单数。 rYq8OZLi
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. QkzPzbF"
真题剖析
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(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. z0Gh |N@)
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some Qo{^jDe,c*
倒装 AC (}cMM+
全部倒装 \"P lM!0du
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” L1"X` Pz[}
There stand big buildings in this district. Ef$x u
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Here on the desk lies a pile of books. )WEyB~'o
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) 3QS"n.
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In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. "v~w#
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3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 1rE hL
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. x%x:gkq
4. 表语位于句首 E9226
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. 8X*6i-j5E
Not far from here is a famous university. F/RV{} 17E
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 o &LNtl;
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. s bW`
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. ^X0<ZI
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） vM\8>p*U
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. 8u;l<^ <
部分倒装 %qfEFhRC
1. 疑问句 I#S6k%-'
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） {n%F^ky+7
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. K-_e' )22.
3. “only+状语”位于句首 ,1F3";`n[
Only when he comes back can be leave. }L@!TWR-Qu
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 ?exV:OKLb
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began.
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5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) T6- e
By no means should you break the rules. M.!U;U<?
At no time should we give in to difficulties. ] X4A)%i
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 要是。。。。就好了 UG48g}
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” .azdAq'r&\
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. S1;#5 8
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
