1955: Opening day1 Ug
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An aerial view of Disneyland in 1956. The entire route of the <
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Disneyland Railroad is clearly visible as it encircles the Re]7G.y
park.Disneyland Park was opened to the public on Monday, 【July 18, Cj3C%W
1955】. However, a special "International Press Preview" event was
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held on Sunday, July 17, 1955, which was only open to invited guests j3_vh<U\
and the media. The Special Sunday events, including the dedication, n*nsFvt%o
were televised nationwide and anchored by three of Walt Disney's eUZvJTE
friends from Hollywood: Art Linkletter, Bob Cummings, and Ronald {<#~Ya-
Reagan. ABC broadcast the event live on its network; at the time, it oJln"-M1nx
was one of the largest and most complex live broadcasts ever.The event m6iQB\ \
did not go smoothly. The park was overcrowded as the by-invitation- d7i 0'R
only affair was plagued with counterfeit tickets. All major roads k
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nearby were empty. The temperature was an unusually high 101 °F (38 xu(N'l.7&
°C), and a plumbers' strike left many of the park's 【drinking ]O 8hkGa
fountains dry】. Disney was given a choice of having working fountains ,5J}Wo?Q}
or running toilets and he chose the latter. This, however, generated v#`7,::
negative publicity since Pepsi sponsored the park's opening; enraged l
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guests believed the inoperable fountains were a cynical way to sell z]33_[G1U
soda. The asphalt that had been poured just that morning was so soft :I/i"g7<
that ladies' high-heeled shoes sank in. Vendors ran out of food. A gas JoIh2P D
leak in Fantasyland caused Adventureland,Frontierland, and Fantasyland HCOE'24I
to close for the afternoon. Parents were throwing their children over }Gi4`Es
the shoulders of crowds to get them onto rides such as the King Arthur V0/O
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Carrousel CTh!|mG
The park got such bad press for the event day that Walt Disney invited /KLs+^c5
members of the press back for a private "second day" to experience the }n[
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true Disneyland, after which Walt held a party in the Disneyland Hotel 2GW.'\D
for them. Walt and his 1955 executives forever referred to the day as t
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【"Black Sunday"】. Every year on July 17, cast members wear pin Nub)]S>_/t
badges stating how many years it has been since July 17, 1955. For Im<(
example, in 2004 they wore the slogan "The magic began 49 years ago d@#wK~I
today."But for the first twelve to fifteen years, Disney did 86HK4sES
officially state that opening day was on July 18, including in the dp~] Wx
park's own publications. Disneyland referred to July 17, 1955, as zM+eb| >cr
"Dedication Day" in one of its July, 1967, press releases. On Monday Ubf@"B
July 18, crowds started to gather in line as early as 2 a.m., and the %FSY}65
first person to buy a ticket and enter the park was David MacPherson 9:1[4o)~
with 【admission ticket】 number 2, as Roy O. Disney arranged to pre- jGaI6
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purchase ticket number 1. Walt Disney had an official photo taken with W1;u%>Uh
two children instead, Christine Vess Watkins (age 5 in 1955) and 6
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Michael Schwartner (age 7 in 1955), and the photo of the two carries a 7,:$, bL
deceptive caption along the lines of "Walt Disney with the first two. AttS?TZr
guests of Disneyland." Vess Watkins and Schwartner both received Dg~L"
【lifetime passes】 to Disneyland that day, and MacPherson was awarded [44C`x[8M+
one shortly thereafter, which was later expanded to every single GiGXV @dq
Disney-owned park in the world. #Rx|oSc}
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A Harvard Extension School class at Boylston Hall. Through the 1950s, o b,%); m
most Extension courses cost $5 each (slightly more than two bushels of O\&[|sGY{
wheat). Now any Harvard staff member can take a graduate-level course >Ndck2@
for $40 a semester, making it possible to earn a master’s degree for 9#iv|X
$400. It was 1835, and John Lowell Jr., the wealthy young scion of a N
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prominent Boston family, sat by the Nile River in Luxor, a cradle of .lE7v -e
Egyptian civilization. Sick with fever, he drafted a long revision to z [9f
his will and mailed it home to a cousin. Months later, Lowell was W<sa6,$
dead.That revamped will included a bequest that has rippled ever wider iB0#Z_
across almost two centuries. Most notably, it led to creation of the &w
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Harvard Extension School, which is celebrating its centennial year, 2n|]&D3V"'
with the official anniversary in February.8 ]+ Lowell’s idea was hiBZZ+^[
simple, but brilliant. Everyday people wanted to learn, he thought, XjIN
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and just needed a forum that allowed them to do so. In the 19th =QQTHL{3
century, that method mostly involved public lectures. In the 20th 9Impp5`/B
century, it was usually classroom study, and in the 21st, the trend is & Y Y^Bd#
toward 【distance learning on the Web】. But what has been true of the _j Ck)3KO
Extension School from its earliest incarnation is its devotion to |'ML
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public learning, and its students’ fierce desire to be \:vHB! 2E
taught.Evolving far beyond its origins as a lecture series, the HJ^SqSm
Extension School is now a degree-granting institution with 14,000 1
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students that this year is offering close to 【700】undergraduate and eF=cMC
graduate courses across 65 fields, taught by faculty from nine of _'Rzu'$`
Harvard’s 10 Schools. The modern Extension School has embraced video Md[M}d8
learning and podcasts. One hundred and fifty courses are available MFzJ 8^.1R
online, expanding the School’s reach to students in 122 countries. }fT5(+ Wo
About 20 percent of its students take courses exclusively online.! k 4Fs5@@>X
! t+ V9Increasingly, said Michael Shinagel, the Extension School’s 2uZ4$_
longtime dean, “the lectern is electronic.” Yet it was the forward- fWk,k*Z9
thinking Lowell, born in 1799 near the dawn of the American republic, :XFr"aSt
who launched this thriving Harvard institution. Half of his wealth — XV %DhR=
the princely sum, in those days, of $250,000 — in 1839 established bpgvLZb>s
the Lowell Institute, the Extension’s precursor. His bequest is a s:ZYiZ-
trust, active to this day, charged with offering public lectures in `WRM7
Boston on the arts, sciences, and natural history, to students h'm-]v
regardless of gender, race, or age. The first Lowell lecture, on Wb{0UkApJ
geology, was held in 1840, in an era of rising working-class clamor rZ#ZY
for education. The public’s response was tumultuous, with tickets 50jZu'z:
being distributed amidst near-mob scenes. The institute’s collegiate CR8szMa
“courses” — which were lecture series on a single topic — scQnL'
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sometimes drew 10,000 applicants.By 1898, more than 4,400 free RzOcz=
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lectures and courses had been offered through the Lowell Institute. U]A JWC6
Around that time, Boston schoolteachers were looking for ways to earn
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a bachelor’s degree at night. The Lowell lectures and the lobbying
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teachers created a perfect storm of sorts, and by 【1910】 University -\[H>)z]RB
Extension at Harvard was founded.Another visionary with the Lowell e%_J
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surname created the modern school. Harvard-educated government scholar
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A. Lawrence Lowell became trustee of the institute in 1900, and by F?+\J =LT
1906 was promoting “systematic courses on subjects of liberal 4H4ui&|7u6
education,” as he called them, taught by Harvard faculty.His vision E! GH$%:;
of transforming a lecture program into a school of public education i z
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gained traction in 1909 when he was named president of Harvard. His L+.&e4f'oj
first step in office was not the curricular reform for which he later 8vqx}2
became famous. (Among other things, Lowell invented the idea of Bw/8-:eb
“concentrations.”) Instead, he 【pressed to create a University g^:
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Extension】.His desire, according to Shinagel, who has written a new 572{DC&T
history of the School called “The Gates Unbarred,” was “to carry Ji)Ys
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out more completely the idea of John Lowell Jr.” WCD)yTg:ES
John Grisham was born on February 2, 1955, in Jonesboro, Arkansas, in ZA+w7S3
the USA. His father was a construction worker and moved his family all K1$
around the southern states of America, stopping wherever he could find Bwl@Muw
work. Eventually they settled in Mississippi. Graduating from law 5=_bK^Am
school in 1981, Grisham practiced law for nearly a decade in fSF_O}kLp
Southaven, specializing in criminal defense and personal injury s[bQO1g;*
litigation (诉讼). In 1983, he was elected to the state House of VVJIJ9L&C
Representatives and served until 1990.7 i+ V% One day at the Dessoto ub;:"ns}
County courthouse, Grisham heard the horrifying testimony of a 12- H1.ktG
year-old rape victim. He decided to write a novel exploring what would .XT]\'vW
have happened if the girl’s father had murdered her attackers. He gA}?X
proceeded to get up every morning at 5 a.m. to work on the novel, 3Fw7q"
called A Time to Kill, which was published in 1988. Grisham’s next ON9L+"vqv0
novel, The Firm, was one of the biggest hits of 1991, spending 47 Tq?7-_MLC$
weeks on The New York Times bestseller list. Grisham lives with his uJ`:@Z^J
wife and two children, dividing their time between their Victorian rf+Z0C0WYi
home on a 67 acre farm in Mississippi and a 204 acre plantation near f?$yxMw:@
Charlottesville, Virginia.When he’s not writing, Grisham devotes time &=]!8z=
to charitable causes, including mission trips with his church group. "5204I
As a child he dreamt of becoming a professional baseball player, and ]nNn"_qh
now serves as the local Little League commissioner. He has built six 2HO2
ballfields on his property and hosts children from 26Little League DwGRv:&HH
teams. K@%gvLa\
47. What inspired Grisham to write his first novel? =QK ucLo
A. A case of murder. Z((e-T#,
B. A case of rape A4g,)
C. His father’s experience cJf&
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D. His life on the farm 85e*um^
49. Which of the following is NOT true of the novel The Firm ? %l
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.It was popular at the time of publication pk`5RDBu
It earned Grisham great fame. *R}p9;dpO
C. It brought Grisham wealth Z;S)GUG^
D. It was carried by The New York Times as a series.3 y3 i6 L' Z& x. _0BQnzC=
S! H) W #"8'y
50. It can be inferred from the passage that Grisham has built E@EP9X
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ballfields on his property ________. M3Qi]jO98
答案应该为 C. to see his childhood dream being realized in the YC$>D?FW
children 0"Euf41
My surprise over the past few winters has been the personality 3-oKY*jO
transformation my parents go through around mid-December as they e,Z[Nox
change from Dad and Mom into Grandpa and Grandma. Yes, they become M N (o
grandparents and are completely different from the people I know the LcT;7yv
other eleven and a half months of the yearThe first sign of my parents
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’ change is the delight they take in visiting toy and children’s 65nK1W`i
clothing stores. These two people, who usually dislike anything having E62_k
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to do with shopping malls, become crazy consumers. While they tell me Rn`DUYg
to budget my money and shop wisely, they are buying up every doll and 8
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dump truck in sight. And this is only the beginning of the holidays 7kITssVHI
When my brother’s children arrive, Grandpa and Grandma come into full f$5\ b[O
form. First they throw out all ideas about a balanced diet for the ;VE KrVD
grandkids. While we were raised in a house where everyone had to take Q+/P>5O/
two bites of corn, beets(甜菜), or liver (foods that appeared quite R\Ckk;<$
often on our table despite constant complaining), the grandchildren *K&
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never have to eat anything that does not appeal to them. Grandma >^IUS8v
carries chocolate in her pockets to bribe(贿赂)the littlest ones into 6$kh5$[
following her around the house, while Grandpa offers “surprises” of 3[m2F O,Z
candy and cake to them all day long. Boxes of chocolate-pie disappear lon9oraF'
while the whole-wheat bread get hard and stale. The kids love all the 2Q7X"ek~[
sweets, and when the sugar raises their energy levels, Grandma and :`lP+y?a1
Grandpa can always decide to leave and do a bit more shopping or go to Sx (E'?]
bed while my brother and sister-in-law try to deal with their highly vR>GE?s6
active kids. l_8ibLyo
Once the grandchildren have arrived, Grandma and Grandpa also seem to #3{{[i(;i
forget all of the responsibility lectures I so often hear in my daily W`P>vK@=
life. If Mickey screams at his sister during dinner, he is B#}EYY
“developing his own personality”; if Nancy breaks Grandma’s mirror, 2[j`bYNe
she is “just a curious child”. But, if I track mud into the house <r(D\rmD
while helping to unload groceries, I become “careless”; if I scold AX'-}5T=
one of the grandkids for tearing pages out of my textbook, I am
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“impatient”. If Paula talks back to her mother, Grandma and Grandpa .,U4 A
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smile at her spirit. If I say one word about all of this excessive
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love, Mom and Dad reappear to have a talk with me about petty c.5u \I9"
jealousies. 3xKgj5M
6.As regards his parents’ shopping for the grandchildren, the author bE@Eiac
______ . :h/v"2uDN
A. feels jealous B. feels amazed ITEf Q@#jU
C.thinks it unnecessary D. thinks it annoying J\p-5[E
7. What happens after the kids have had all the sweets? :zvAlt'q=
A. They get highly energetic. B. They quiet down.' V]"pM]>3X
C. They want more sweets. D. They go to bed. HD1/1?y!@q
Which of the following is NOT true of the visiting children? U.b|3E/^
A. They behave very well. k7L4~W
B. They like chocolate very much. ${}9/(x/^
C. They receive toys from their grandparents. ~O!E &~
The huge growth of global "ecotourism" industry is becoming an g!r)yzK
increasing concern for conservationists with mounting evidence that Kb-m
many wild species do not respond well to contact with human beings. M
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overexposure to tourists has been linked to stress, abnormal behavior S v#,L8f
and adverse health effects in species such as polar bears, dolphins SQ]M"&\{y
and gorillas(大猩猩), says a report in New Scientist./ D! K9 _: K5 D h(3-/4
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While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by h|ib*%P_
encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, 2R^Eea
many projects are poorly designed and unregulated, its says. “Many Fpwhyls
ecotourist projects are unaudited, unauthorized and merely hint they Ke]'RfO\
are based on environmentally friendly policies and operations” ~?)y'?
While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by L|1~'Fz#w
encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, “ yS[HYq
many projects are poorly designed and hint they are based on qSD3]Dv"
environmentally friendly policies and operations.” o]&P0 b
Ecotourism is growing by 10 to 30 percent a year and an estimated 20 a1[J>
percent of tourists are thought to visit a conservation-based project. =4U$9jo!;
Philip Seddon, of the University of Otago in New Zealand, said that <1:I[b
although most tourist projects conformed to basic guidelines on land ] \!,yiVeU
use and not scaring wildlife, their full impact was rarely considered. i }Zz[b
In Africa, gorillas have picked up parasites introduced to their x") Bmw$
habitat by tourists and mongooses(蠓)have caught lung diseases from
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human beings. Experts said that the answer to the problems was better cS@p`A7Tpo
regulation and supervision of ecotourism. The Galapagos Islands, where i=pfjC
visitor numbers are strictly controlled, is a good model JS<w43/j
41. Ecotourism is meant to ______. $?VYHkX
A. have tourists help in the conservation of wildlife" QA)"3g
B.have wild species respond well to contact with human ]gF=I5jn]
C. make wild species reduce stress and abnormal behavior knb0_nA
D. make conservationists more concerned with wildlife 9y} J|z
42. According to New Scientist, many ecotourist Projects ______. v:>sS_^
A. really encourage people to protect wi1dlife and its habit +
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B. strictly follow environmentally friendly polices LcNI$g;}Yf
C. actually lack proper examination and official approval Mpk7$=hjc
D. seriously damage the habitats of endangered species YfseX;VX
43. What will happen to wildlife ultimately if the present |RqCI9N6
"ecotourism" practice goes on? B)0;gWK
It will disturb their life. +#A~O4%t
It will affect their health. beV+3HqB8
C. It will increase their stress. *TCV}=V G
D. It will threaten their survivalf { Q!Xxe>6
45. According to the passage, a solution to the "ecotourism" problem 1}p:]/;
is to ______. ]XL=S|tIq
A. encourage people to manage endangered species Imyw
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B. reduce the exposure of wildlife to human beings^ CwyE8v
C. help wild animals increase their fitness 8)83j6VF
D. prevent wildlife from catching human disease ?[DVYP
答案 BDC BAA ACDB(仅供参考) P86wRq