1955: Opening day1 Aw$x;3y
An aerial view of Disneyland in 1956. The entire route of the *6sl
Disneyland Railroad is clearly visible as it encircles the }\tdcTMgS
park.Disneyland Park was opened to the public on Monday, 【July 18, ;X?}x%$
1955】. However, a special "International Press Preview" event was SQBa;hvgM
held on Sunday, July 17, 1955, which was only open to invited guests 8ja$g,
and the media. The Special Sunday events, including the dedication, k;K)xb[w |
were televised nationwide and anchored by three of Walt Disney's " +kL
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friends from Hollywood: Art Linkletter, Bob Cummings, and Ronald z:8eEq3w
Reagan. ABC broadcast the event live on its network; at the time, it <sWprR
was one of the largest and most complex live broadcasts ever.The event .`HYA*8_
did not go smoothly. The park was overcrowded as the by-invitation- W5EDVP ur
only affair was plagued with counterfeit tickets. All major roads ~ zHjMo2
nearby were empty. The temperature was an unusually high 101 °F (38 e<3K;Q
°C), and a plumbers' strike left many of the park's 【drinking R<\
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fountains dry】. Disney was given a choice of having working fountains / 1"(cQ%?
or running toilets and he chose the latter. This, however, generated |jI# "LbF
negative publicity since Pepsi sponsored the park's opening; enraged oe%} ?u
guests believed the inoperable fountains were a cynical way to sell .z]Wyx&/U
soda. The asphalt that had been poured just that morning was so soft ozmrw\_}[
that ladies' high-heeled shoes sank in. Vendors ran out of food. A gas [$qyF|/K`n
leak in Fantasyland caused Adventureland,Frontierland, and Fantasyland 7|{}\w(I
to close for the afternoon. Parents were throwing their children over &~8oQC-eF
the shoulders of crowds to get them onto rides such as the King Arthur uD\?(LM
Carrousel sF|5XjQ
The park got such bad press for the event day that Walt Disney invited kStnb?nk
members of the press back for a private "second day" to experience the a][f
true Disneyland, after which Walt held a party in the Disneyland Hotel fKeT,U`W
for them. Walt and his 1955 executives forever referred to the day as Bzkoo J
【"Black Sunday"】. Every year on July 17, cast members wear pin aoT M
badges stating how many years it has been since July 17, 1955. For SQ44
example, in 2004 they wore the slogan "The magic began 49 years ago TT2d81I3m
today."But for the first twelve to fifteen years, Disney did !Fca~31R'
officially state that opening day was on July 18, including in the A#Iyb ){Y
park's own publications. Disneyland referred to July 17, 1955, as W =j[V
Oq
"Dedication Day" in one of its July, 1967, press releases. On Monday CLRiJ*U
July 18, crowds started to gather in line as early as 2 a.m., and the 4 8:>NW
first person to buy a ticket and enter the park was David MacPherson + fC=UAZ
with 【admission ticket】 number 2, as Roy O. Disney arranged to pre- /RNIIY~w
purchase ticket number 1. Walt Disney had an official photo taken with RX>xB
two children instead, Christine Vess Watkins (age 5 in 1955) and Fpm|_f7
Michael Schwartner (age 7 in 1955), and the photo of the two carries a `7 vHt`
deceptive caption along the lines of "Walt Disney with the first two. Sx708`/Ep
guests of Disneyland." Vess Watkins and Schwartner both received JG" R\ 2
【lifetime passes】 to Disneyland that day, and MacPherson was awarded
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one shortly thereafter, which was later expanded to every single I/a/ )No
Disney-owned park in the world. :# .<[
W5 y. j: t6 G2 j7 \0 A+ Q! c2 h |bq$xp
A Harvard Extension School class at Boylston Hall. Through the 1950s,
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most Extension courses cost $5 each (slightly more than two bushels of '9S 8}q
wheat). Now any Harvard staff member can take a graduate-level course x,rlrxI
for $40 a semester, making it possible to earn a master’s degree for Q~OxH'>>(
$400. It was 1835, and John Lowell Jr., the wealthy young scion of a >d,jKlh^.%
prominent Boston family, sat by the Nile River in Luxor, a cradle of 6A>dhU
Egyptian civilization. Sick with fever, he drafted a long revision to U* i{5/
$
his will and mailed it home to a cousin. Months later, Lowell was ~tBYIkvWT
dead.That revamped will included a bequest that has rippled ever wider N):t OD@B
across almost two centuries. Most notably, it led to creation of the o$#G0}yn
Harvard Extension School, which is celebrating its centennial year, +_; l|uhT;
with the official anniversary in February.8 ]+ Lowell’s idea was Ont%eC\
simple, but brilliant. Everyday people wanted to learn, he thought, ^5H >pat
and just needed a forum that allowed them to do so. In the 19th $"FQj4%d
century, that method mostly involved public lectures. In the 20th PK{acen
century, it was usually classroom study, and in the 21st, the trend is {)BTR %t
toward 【distance learning on the Web】. But what has been true of the \9cG36
Extension School from its earliest incarnation is its devotion to > +JqA7K
public learning, and its students’ fierce desire to be }q $5ig
taught.Evolving far beyond its origins as a lecture series, the oXb;w@:
Extension School is now a degree-granting institution with 14,000 )6q,>whI]
students that this year is offering close to 【700】undergraduate and l8I /0 `_
graduate courses across 65 fields, taught by faculty from nine of
9;r)#3Q[^
Harvard’s 10 Schools. The modern Extension School has embraced video mS^tX i5hg
learning and podcasts. One hundred and fifty courses are available DVSL [p?_
online, expanding the School’s reach to students in 122 countries. Hkwl>R$
About 20 percent of its students take courses exclusively online.！ k ^Pbk# |$rU
！ t+ V9Increasingly, said Michael Shinagel, the Extension School’s U%<koD[,
longtime dean, “the lectern is electronic.” Yet it was the forward- }s(N6 a&(
thinking Lowell, born in 1799 near the dawn of the American republic, aMtsm L?=
who launched this thriving Harvard institution. Half of his wealth — Pb1*\+
the princely sum, in those days, of $250,000 — in 1839 established H@q?v+2
the Lowell Institute, the Extension’s precursor. His bequest is a w8MG(Lq1"
trust, active to this day, charged with offering public lectures in \/: {)T~
Boston on the arts, sciences, and natural history, to students N"]q='t
regardless of gender, race, or age. The first Lowell lecture, on [H 6hyG~
geology, was held in 1840, in an era of rising working-class clamor bn!HUM,
for education. The public’s response was tumultuous, with tickets H."EUcE {
being distributed amidst near-mob scenes. The institute’s collegiate SKkUU^\#R`
“courses” — which were lecture series on a single topic — kQEy#JQmB
sometimes drew 10,000 applicants.By 1898, more than 4,400 free B" !l2
lectures and courses had been offered through the Lowell Institute. ^; )8VP 6
Around that time, Boston schoolteachers were looking for ways to earn Bj1
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a bachelor’s degree at night. The Lowell lectures and the lobbying L&u$t}~)
teachers created a perfect storm of sorts, and by 【1910】 University (C@m Lu )
Extension at Harvard was founded.Another visionary with the Lowell ioYGZ%RG#
surname created the modern school. Harvard-educated government scholar PE5R7)~A
A. Lawrence Lowell became trustee of the institute in 1900, and by 1Cgso`
1906 was promoting “systematic courses on subjects of liberal Urr@a/7
education,” as he called them, taught by Harvard faculty.His vision "nw;NIp!
of transforming a lecture program into a school of public education OmIg<v 0\;
gained traction in 1909 when he was named president of Harvard. His *Z t# U#
first step in office was not the curricular reform for which he later 8W,Jh8N6
became famous. (Among other things, Lowell invented the idea of m^ tFi7c
“concentrations.”) Instead, he 【pressed to create a University rA%usaW
Extension】.His desire, according to Shinagel, who has written a new $Zug Bh[b
history of the School called “The Gates Unbarred,” was “to carry va}P j#=
out more completely the idea of John Lowell Jr.” l'/R&`-n
John Grisham was born on February 2, 1955, in Jonesboro, Arkansas, in 05b_)&4R
the USA. His father was a construction worker and moved his family all
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around the southern states of America, stopping wherever he could find E5I"%9X0H
work. Eventually they settled in Mississippi. Graduating from law I %sFqh>
school in 1981, Grisham practiced law for nearly a decade in 0K`#>}W #X
Southaven, specializing in criminal defense and personal injury :,'wV S8"]
litigation (诉讼). In 1983, he was elected to the state House of OY;*zk
Representatives and served until 1990.7 i+ V% One day at the Dessoto ~Y|*`C_)
County courthouse, Grisham heard the horrifying testimony of a 12- DU5c=rxW
year-old rape victim. He decided to write a novel exploring what would `*_mP<Ag
have happened if the girl’s father had murdered her attackers. He 2+QY hdw
proceeded to get up every morning at 5 a.m. to work on the novel, zO ).T
M_
called A Time to Kill, which was published in 1988. Grisham’s next {^CY..3
A
novel, The Firm, was one of the biggest hits of 1991, spending 47 |i E50,
weeks on The New York Times bestseller list. Grisham lives with his DW5Y@;[
wife and two children, dividing their time between their Victorian Tn*9lj4
home on a 67 acre farm in Mississippi and a 204 acre plantation near 5-aj 2>=7
Charlottesville, Virginia.When he’s not writing, Grisham devotes time 8ZM&(Lz7u
to charitable causes, including mission trips with his church group. nqI@Y )
As a child he dreamt of becoming a professional baseball player, and FbS |~Rp~
now serves as the local Little League commissioner. He has built six 'ig&$
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ballfields on his property and hosts children from 26Little League / Z~<CbKKl
teams. j27?w <
47. What inspired Grisham to write his first novel? vk77B(u
A. A case of murder. =e9> F Wf>
B. A case of rape 9$cWU_q{
C. His father’s experience X-6de>=
D. His life on the farm ok! L. ac
49. Which of the following is NOT true of the novel The Firm ? GFeQ%l`7F
.It was popular at the time of publication ';3{T:I
It earned Grisham great fame. C-Q28lD}f
C. It brought Grisham wealth U>]$a71
D. It was carried by The New York Times as a series.3 y3 i6 L' Z& x. }= <
S! H) W Z
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50. It can be inferred from the passage that Grisham has built .E`\MtA
ballfields on his property ________. T ]t'39
答案应该为 C. to see his childhood dream being realized in the hIy ~B['
children 63\/ *
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My surprise over the past few winters has been the personality w65K[l;2
transformation my parents go through around mid-December as they J] {QB^?
change from Dad and Mom into Grandpa and Grandma. Yes, they become Uwf +
grandparents and are completely different from the people I know the L
6 c 40
other eleven and a half months of the yearThe first sign of my parents O _ `VV*
’ change is the delight they take in visiting toy and children’s IpYM;tYw&
clothing stores. These two people, who usually dislike anything having Q6PHpaj
to do with shopping malls, become crazy consumers. While they tell me ur)9x^y
to budget my money and shop wisely, they are buying up every doll and u+Y\6~=+
dump truck in sight. And this is only the beginning of the holidays tr< Nm
6!
When my brother’s children arrive, Grandpa and Grandma come into full nV"~-On
form. First they throw out all ideas about a balanced diet for the Sc\ *W0m
grandkids. While we were raised in a house where everyone had to take ')) 0Lh
l
two bites of corn, beets(甜菜), or liver (foods that appeared quite pmuvg6@h
often on our table despite constant complaining), the grandchildren 6n,i0W
never have to eat anything that does not appeal to them. Grandma ff]6aR/
UQ
carries chocolate in her pockets to bribe(贿赂)the littlest ones into 5eLtCsHz
following her around the house, while Grandpa offers “surprises” of K'L^;z6
candy and cake to them all day long. Boxes of chocolate-pie disappear KI)M JG:t
while the whole-wheat bread get hard and stale. The kids love all the Fq0i`~L~
sweets, and when the sugar raises their energy levels, Grandma and `F-/QX[:
Grandpa can always decide to leave and do a bit more shopping or go to LhA*F[6$M
bed while my brother and sister-in-law try to deal with their highly ( /=f6^}
active kids. GZEc l'h*
Once the grandchildren have arrived, Grandma and Grandpa also seem to nE Jq_
forget all of the responsibility lectures I so often hear in my daily qB5j;
@ r
life. If Mickey screams at his sister during dinner, he is
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“developing his own personality”; if Nancy breaks Grandma’s mirror, F0GxH?
she is “just a curious child”. But, if I track mud into the house H3z: ZTI
while helping to unload groceries, I become “careless”; if I scold $I pg&`S"
one of the grandkids for tearing pages out of my textbook, I am Z_ $%.
“impatient”. If Paula talks back to her mother, Grandma and Grandpa Y1OCLnK~
smile at her spirit. If I say one word about all of this excessive = I:.X ;
love, Mom and Dad reappear to have a talk with me about petty i`(XLi}k
jealousies. DVG(V w
6.As regards his parents’ shopping for the grandchildren, the author ^NRl//
______ . FEW14 U'O
A. feels jealous B. feels amazed fa-IhB1!K
C.thinks it unnecessary D. thinks it annoying 6"wlg!k8
7. What happens after the kids have had all the sweets? vq0Vq(V=
A. They get highly energetic. B. They quiet down.' p)jk>j B
C. They want more sweets. D. They go to bed. v|
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Which of the following is NOT true of the visiting children? ?Y$JWEPJ
A. They behave very well. P 0S
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B. They like chocolate very much. @'w"R/,n-@
C. They receive toys from their grandparents. QqDC4+ p"
The huge growth of global "ecotourism" industry is becoming an ^&B@Uw 5{
increasing concern for conservationists with mounting evidence that hB "fhX
many wild species do not respond well to contact with human beings. 9Z|jx y
overexposure to tourists has been linked to stress, abnormal behavior !`k1:@NZ
and adverse health effects in species such as polar bears, dolphins m!gz3u]rN
and gorillas（大猩猩）, says a report in New Scientist./ D! K9 _: K5 D SOs:]U-T3
~% X ? }Z1 bH
While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by K`yRr`pW
encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, 6o!!=}'E[
many projects are poorly designed and unregulated, its says. “Many -Y1e8H ='
ecotourist projects are unaudited, unauthorized and merely hint they c>,'Y)8
are based on environmentally friendly policies and operations” ~,d,#)VE2q
While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by . S!mf
encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, “ tGD6AI1"I
many projects are poorly designed and hint they are based on g%ndvdb m
environmentally friendly policies and operations.” ++bf#qS<8D
Ecotourism is growing by 10 to 30 percent a year and an estimated 20 c%^7!FSg
percent of tourists are thought to visit a conservation-based project. zE336
Philip Seddon, of the University of Otago in New Zealand, said that
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although most tourist projects conformed to basic guidelines on land G|[ =/>~B
use and not scaring wildlife, their full impact was rarely considered. _mzW'~9wN
In Africa, gorillas have picked up parasites introduced to their ; PF`Wj
habitat by tourists and mongooses（蠓）have caught lung diseases from +cD<:"L'g
human beings. Experts said that the answer to the problems was better :< ka3<0%
regulation and supervision of ecotourism. The Galapagos Islands, where 2;[D;Y}
visitor numbers are strictly controlled, is a good model 4ae
`pAu
41. Ecotourism is meant to ______. 2`AY~i9
A. have tourists help in the conservation of wildlife" CHd X;'`*
B.have wild species respond well to contact with human K#l:wH _
C. make wild species reduce stress and abnormal behavior @v$Y7mw3D
D. make conservationists more concerned with wildlife `Y+J-EQ
42. According to New Scientist, many ecotourist Projects ______. ~fBtQGdX
A. really encourage people to protect wi1dlife and its habit I
W)()*8;/
B. strictly follow environmentally friendly polices n?oW < &
C. actually lack proper examination and official approval jL y
D. seriously damage the habitats of endangered species ,368d9,rDz
43. What will happen to wildlife ultimately if the present < z+t,<3D
"ecotourism" practice goes on? anuL1f XO
It will disturb their life. 68bQ;Dv
It will affect their health. h~A/ y!
s
C. It will increase their stress. #:%&x@@c3P
D. It will threaten their survivalf jy7\ +i
45. According to the passage, a solution to the "ecotourism" problem pE w"8U
is to ______. < 3(LWxw
A. encourage people to manage endangered species []x#iOnC&
B. reduce the exposure of wildlife to human beings^ XoXM ^*Vk
C. help wild animals increase their fitness -_ I _W&
D. prevent wildlife from catching human disease KTK <gV9:
答案 BDC BAA ACDB（仅供参考） Us %T;gW
