主语从句,即在复合句中充当主语成分的句子,例如"That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all",他在很短的时间内写完作文让我们都很惊讶,此复合句主要描述的是某事让我们惊讶,某事就是该复合句的主语,因此“That he finished writing the composition in such a short time”便是该复合句的主语从句。 B
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引导主语从句的连词主要有: >8DZj&
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从属代词:that whether !:|D[1m
连接代词:who whoever whom whose what whatever which whichever @|9V]bk
连接副词:when where how why m# I
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主语从句例句图片 L(3}
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中文名:主语从句 {IQCA-AI
外文名:Subject clause ~`VD}{[,B
解释:合句中充当主语成分的句子 3HB(rTw
从属代词:that whether zY\MzhkX,
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dot主语从句 RhumNP<M
定义 yyuf
在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫做主语从句。 #W=H)6
第一部分 nV?e(}D
常规主语从句,即句子在复合句中充当一个主语 O.wk*m!9
主语从句是名词性从句,所以它的时态受主句的影响。
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(1)That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. e{`DvfY21
(2)Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown. <Z9N}wY,8
(3)Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet. kG]FB.@bG
(4)Whom we must study for is a question of great importance. G:?l;+P1
(5)What caused the accident remains unknown. \d"M&-O
(6)Whatever you did is right.
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(7)Who the watch belongs to is unknown. FR 1se
(8)What we need is time. .eM
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(9)What we need are good doctors. uOnyU+fZV
名词性从句的时态规则: 'Lv>!s 7
1)、主句谓语动词是现在或将来时,从句谓语动词可以用任何需要的时态。 :TN^}RML
I wonder what he is doing now. ;l2pdP4jf
Do you know when and where he was born? 'Gds?o8
I'll write to tell him where I 'll meet him. 1r;.r|
2)、主句谓语动词是过去时,从句谓语动词一般需用过去时。 U4$CkTe2Y
(1)从句与主句的谓语动作同时发生,从句用一般过去时或过去进行时。 'CO3b,
I thought that he studied hard. ~V<62"G
He told me his son was watching TV. 0'.7
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(2)从句谓语动作在主句谓语动作之后,从句用过去将来时。 \%011
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He said he would spend his holidays in Qingdao. ^\zf8kPti
(3)从句谓语动作在主句谓语动作之前,从句用过去完成时。 \LZVazXD
They told me they had waited for me half an hour. .|9o`mF7
(4)从句如果有表示过去某一具体时间的状语,仍用过去时。 */yR_f
She told me her brother died in 1945. t|y`Bl2
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3)客观的条件,从句时态不受丝毫影响。 &WGG
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(1)从句说明的是不受时间限制的事实或真理(客观真理)。 `j
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The teacher told us that the earth turns from west to east. 7*
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He said Asia is the largest continent. -v7O*xm"
It was true that water freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit. Swg%[r=p=
(2)当从句表示的是反复出现的时态不变。 m6=Jp<
She told me that she gets up at six o'clock every morning. ;+h-o
He asked me when the train usually starts. 3m9ab"
(3)当从句是用来表达解释科技内容时时态不变。 8f0Ytfhw
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(4)当从句的谓语动作仍在继续时,或者表示现在仍在的状态时,时态不变。 8~")9w
He said that the workers in that factory are trying to fulfill the task in time. nd/.]"
She told me the other day that she is only 10. rF8nz:8
(5)当从句的动作状态还未发生,要用一般式表示。强调与现在的联系。 5*W<6ia
He said he will wait for me this evening. k^Q>
小结: iCrLZ"$M
(1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等 [nnX,;
(2)连词位于句首不能省略 Y]R;>E5o|
(3)主语从句大多数情况下视为第三人称单数,但也有例外,如例(9) z1u1%FwOfM
注意:当what引导的名词性分句作主语时,主谓一致问题极为复杂。著名学者周海中教授在论文《关于what-分句作主语的主谓一致问题》中就这一问题做了深入研究,并给出了10种的主谓一致关系。这些一致关系值得英语学习者和使用者特别注意。 -I\Y
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第二部分 ~Uz1()ftz
为了防止句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it放在句首位置,真正主语搁置于句末 2l9RU}
(1)It is certain that he will win the match. *?GV(/Q
(2)It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry. ^5yFb=2
(3)It is very likely that they will hold a meeting. zz1e)W/
(4)It is strange that he should do that.
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(5)It is important that we all should attend the meeting. f*}H4H E O
(6)It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas. ,`ZIW
(7)It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation. a;2Lgv0/
(8)It is still a mystery what caused the accident. \:/:
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(9)It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai) z`:uvEX0
(10)It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese. ,,-g*[/3
(11)It is suggested that the work should be done with great care. DfNX@gbo
(12)It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there)
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小结: vQ/&iAyut
(1)为避免头重脚轻,常以形式主语it引导从句。 It+形式主语谓语+从句。 %j3*j
(2)由于主语从句一般被认为是单数形式,形式主语的谓语动词、be动词+表语 均为单数第三人称形式或过去式. @+3@Z?!SZ
dot用法 6H\apgHm
主语从句与宾语从句两者的用法和在句中的作用是不同的,下面从它们的各自用法来介绍。 E9L)dMZSpj
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一.主语从句 HJn
主语从句 定义:在句子中担当主语的是一个从句,这个从句就叫做主语从句。 *Hnk,?kPq
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 k>8,/ AZd
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 1qw*mV;W)_
①主语从句常用it作形式主语,一般常用句型为:It is+{名词/形容词/过去分词}+主语从句例如: 3',|HA /x
It is still a question whether she will come or not. CqRG !J
It is strange that you should like him. Q9`}dYf.
It is still unknown which team will win the match. )K4A-9pC
另外,还有一些比较多见的结构: )4hb% U
It turned out that……; =3Y:DPMB
It has been proved that……; U2D
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It happened/occurred that……; f,?P1D\
It is well-known that……等等 c:/H}2/C
②而强调句则不同,它的结构是:It+be+被强调部分+that+从句 =c-,uW11[
强调主语:It is the times that produce their heroes.时势造英雄 jORU+g
强调宾语:It is English that Prof.Lin teaches us. !NNq( t
强调状语:It was in shanghai that I saw the film. nQ0g,'o
判断是否是强调句有一个方法,就是将that以后的“句子的其余部分”拿出来单独看,看有没有缺成分,缺的是什么成分,再把谓语动词后面that前面的那部分,带到你认为缺成分的地方,如果放进去是一句完整的句子了,那就说明是强调句。 a|*{BlY
2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 w!0`JPu
(1) It is +名词+that从句 1Qi5t?{
It is a fact that … 事实是…… s/,wyxKd
It is an honor that …非常荣幸 4v"9I(
It is common knowledge that …是常识 poqcoSL"}
(2) it is +形容词+that从句 *LTFDC
It is natural that… 很自然…… p*T`fOL
It is strange that… 奇怪的是…… ]*8K4n G
(3) it +不及物动词+that从句 f_*Bd.@
It seems that… 似乎…… ~Bll\3-=
It happened that… 碰巧…… K[%)_KW
(4) it is+过去分词+that从句 : GZx-
It is reported that… 据报道…… D0(%{S^
It has been proved that… 已证实…… pNN6P sLt
3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 U*.
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(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 Q3t9J"=1g
(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: a&6e~E$K2
It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. V^a]@GK:
(3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: TG\3T%gH/s
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. a9CY,+z5B
(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: r sf +dC
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.. nu1s
(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如: R^`# xQ
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? kKU,|>3h
4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 j Y>BU&
What 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如: GA,6G [E
What you said yesterday is right. 1gEeZ\B-&
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二:宾语从句用以区分主语从句的几个特征: 0XCtw6
1、引导词:what\which\whose\when\whether\if\where B'( /W@
2语序:宾语从句必须是用陈述语句。(名词性从句都是陈述语序) O1+2Z\F
如:I think that you must work harder. +I$ k_
宾语从句的引导词、连接词的区别、否定转移等现象。 H"_ZqEg
补充:从句的语序永远是陈述句。 i%m]<yElm