基本句型 ]~3V}z,T*
第一句主题句写完后,第二句往往可以对第一句的概括性内容进行进一步的说明或陈述。陈述的意念很多,句型也很多,现在让我们从最基本的开始。 8v%o,"
I.There is / are [There was; There were; There will be; There has been; There have been]+sth. (单数 / 复数) in [at; on] + sth. (表示地方、范围、方面存在或出现某事物,这是一个用途广泛的句型,也是考生容易犯错误的句型) $1`2kM5
例句: DN:EB@
我国每年有100万肿瘤病人未能放疗。 k;FUs[
In our country there are one million patients with tumor who fail to get radiotherapy every year. ^k9I(f^c-_
One million patients with cancer fail to get radiotherapy every year in our country. (此句表达很好。) H9e<v4c
*There are one million patients with tumor not get radiotherapy every year in our country. ( 此句表达错误) Btcy)LRk
One million patients with cancer do not get treatment every year in our country. $qj2w"'
2. 药品器具市场有不少问题。 Ig>(m49d
There are many problems in the markets of medications and medical devices. r_A$DaC]
Many problems exist in the markets of medications and medical devices. TOQP'/
*The markets of medications and medical devices have many problems. (not good) qlPT Ll
The markets of medications and medical devices face many problems.
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3. 在健康教育方面,中国与发达国家还有一定的距离。 $f7l34Sf3
There is a certain gap between China and developed counties in health education. 'TB2:W3
There exists a certain gap between China and developed countries in health education. kE1TP]|
*In health education, China and developed countries have some distance. (此句错误) >fQMXfoY
Health education in China is not as good as that in developed countries. d%n-[ZL
4. 我国约有民办医院400多家。 "3Y0`&:D
There are nearly 400 private hospitals in our country. ab?aQ*$+
5. 没有治愈过敏症的办法。 4BpZJ~(p
There are no cures for allergies. @f3E`8
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II. 主语(多半为有生命的)+have / has [had; will have; has had; have had]+sth.(表示拥有、具有,用途极广,但不少考生也容易犯错误) @`9]F7h5W
例句: .HABNPNg(
1. 人的耳朵有两个功能:听声音和保持平衡。 $/Uq0U
The human ear has two main functions: hearing and maintaining balance. ( CWtLi"z
2. 艾滋病有三个特点。 $6R-5oQ
AIDS has three basic characteristics [features]. }i&/G+_
3. 我国70%~80%的大学生有心理问题。 &mS^ZyG
70%~80%of colleges students in our country have mental problems. a/xn'"eli
4.大多数的吸烟者都有肺部疾病。 \1M4Dl5!
Most smokers have lung problems. /PXzwP_(A
5.临床护理专家在日常工作中有四种不同的角色:护理者、顾问、教育者和研究者。 {(Es(Sb}c
Clinical nurse specialists have four different roles in their daily practice: nurse practitioner, counselor, tutor [educator] and researcher. LCV(,lu
III. contain sth. / include sth. (表示含有、包括) uHRsFlw
1. 其他反应还有胃痛、恶心、腹泻和气短。 WcbiqxK7-
Other reactions include stomach pains, sickness, diarrhea and shortness of breath. ;*2Cm'8E
2. 他们的血液和体液里都含有大量艾滋病病毒,具有很强的传染性。 zX i'kB
Their blood and body liquids contain lots of AIDS viruses which are highly infectious. FW DNpr
There are lots of highly infectious AIDS viruses in their blood and body liquids. * kh tJ]=
3. 所以,应选择富有碳水化合物的食物。 )%fH(ns(
Therefore, you should choose foods which contain a lot of carbohydrate. gbD KE{
Therefore, one should choose foods (which are) rich in carbohydrate. HTTCTR
4. 狗会传播多种疾病,有一些是致人死命的疾病。 SSzIih@u
Dogs can spread many diseases, including some that are deadly to people.
Zx>=tx}
Dogs can spread many diseases some of which can make people die. m+$VVn3Z}
5. 一种食物中很难含有全部的维生素。 XL/u#EA0<
One kind of food can hardly contain all the vitamins. wVtwx0|1
It is unlikely to have a kind of food that contains all sorts of vitamins. Lu%b9Jk
6. 差异可能有个体、宗教、年龄、种族、生活方式、社会经济状况、家庭结构等。 z` b,h\
The differences may include individuality, spiritual beliefs, gender, age, race, lifestyle, socioeconomic status, and family structure. f*
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7. 临床护理专家(clinical nurse specialist) 的作用有临床实践、咨询服务、教学以及相关护理研究成果的应用。 dqcL]e
The role of clinical nurse specialists should include clinical practice, consultation, teaching and the application of relevant nursing research. `">=
实践上,汉语的“有”字,在许多情况下,是不须用have或there is之类的英语词汇表达出来的,例如:
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1. 有的细菌是有害于人体健康的微生物,有的则有益。 iK;XZZ(
Some bacteria are harmful micro-organisms to our human body, but some are helpful. M
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*There are some bacteria are harmful micro-organisms to our human body, there are some are helpful. (此句表达错误) +
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Some bacteria are bad for health, but some are good. y8xE
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2. 过去几年,农村医疗卫生的形势有了很大的变化。 qmP].sA
The situation of rural medical care greatly changed in the past years. K:WDl;8(d
There were great changes in the situation of rural medical care in the past years. b#o|6HkW
*The situation of rural medical care had great changes recently. [not good] q1ma%eiN
The situation of rural medical care witnessed great changes in the past years. iU:cW=W|M\
Rural medical care greatly changed in the past years.
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3. 导致这种情况的原因,我认为有两点。
Wa~=bH
I think that two reasons resulted in this situation. !dT4
I think there are two reasons leading to this situation. -tU'yKhn
4. 好医院应该有什么病人治什么病人。 =i3n42M#
A good hospital should treat whatever patients come to it. lmhLM. 2
A good hospital should treat all kinds of patients. :~SyL !
A good hospital should not refuse any patient. _(zG?]y0P
5. 在整个青年期,人的行为都具有很大的盲目性和冲动性。 3iU=c&P
In the whole period of youth, a person’s actions are full of blindness and impulse. og>uj>H&
In the whole period of youth, a person’s actions are characterized by blindness and impulse. BL4-7
In the whole period of youth, a person’s actions are often out of blindness and sudden excitement. $Z>'Jp
When people are young, they often act blindly and impulsively. 51.%;aY~z
6. 人类与艾滋病作斗争已经有二十多年了。 T6kdS]4-
Man has been fighting against [dealing with] AIDS for more than twenty years. N)Z?Z+}
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7. 要让患者在生命的末期没有身体上的痛苦。 #|``ca54B
Make sure that patients do not suffer much physical pain at the end of life. B|X!>Q<g
We should make patients free of [from] much bodily pain at the end of their life. {7pli{`
We can free patients of [from] much bodily pain at the end their life. <\S:'g"(
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然而,又有许多情况下,汉语没有“有”字,但英语可以用最基本最简单的have或there is来表达,这一点很值得我们考生注意。 FE;x8(;W8
例如: E<*xx#p
1. 影响健康的因素很多。 n._-!
WI
There are many factors which can affect health. 7IM@i>p%
*Many factors can affect health. {(?4!rh
2. 基因将会在不同物种之间转移,转基因作物的培育过程中也会发生错误。 SZCze"`[
There will be movement of genes between species. There will be some mistakes in the development of genetically-modified crops, too. PTV:IzoW
3. 目前使用的化学物资多达20,000种。 j*m%*_
kO
Currently there are some 20,000 chemicals in use. YZJyk:H\
*Currently some 20,000 chemicals are in use. GsM<2@?
4. 20%的大学生心理存在严重障碍。 0Wp|1)ljA
20% of college students have serious mental problems. G .4X'
5. 近来许多社区开展了各种各样的健康教育活动。 |(^PS8wG
Recently there have been a variety of health education activities in many communities. ZSm3 XXk
6. 过去的一年中,试管婴儿的出生数量大幅飙升。 +x}<IS8
There was a sharp increase in the number of newborn test-tube babies in the past year. `~q <N
7. 他们个人卫生方面的问题很多。 ht}wEvv
They have many bad habits in personal hygiene. #gw]'&{8D
There many problems in their personal hygiene. IV)j1
Their personal hygiene is not satisfactory. n'6jou
8. 治疗药物可分为三大类:抗HIV病毒药物,免疫调节剂和抗感染药物。 ,5<Cd,`*
There are three kinds of treatment drugs: the anti-HIV ones, immunoregulation ones and anti-infective ones. 3"\l u?-E
9. 该物质什么浓度对人无害,尚不清楚。 %D "I
There is no known level at which this substances is not dangerous to people. ^5
Tqy(M
We do not know which concentration makes this substance harmful to people. A&jlizN7
10. 手术后无需用药。 ,
++ `=o
There will be no need for any medication after operation. m&yJzMW|
11. 毫无疑问,抽烟有害健康。 |$_sX9\`?|
There is no doubt that smoking is harmful to health. H}
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12. 男人的寿命比女人短。 ;sFF+^~L
Men have shorter lifespan than women. c~
V*:$F
Women usually live longer than men. .#pU=v#/[
13. 这个医生对待病人态度亲切。 JqiP>4Uwm^
This doctor has a pleasant manner towards his patients. )53y
AyP
The doctor is kind to his patients. 8)I^ t81
14. 乡村一级卫生院医疗质量无法保证,医疗事故更是经常出现。 /&94 eC
You cannot have good medical services in village clinics, and there are often medical accidents there. lHX72s|V
The quality of medical services in village clinics is usually poor, and there are often medical accidents there. b|W=pSTY