医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 y<uE-4
一、肺 Lung '5cZzC
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清晰 clear a^*B5G1(&
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows ;q&Z9lm
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings L)G">T;
钙化灶 calcified Hc
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空洞 cavitation }1\?()rB
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) RhyegD
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density [Z% l.
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows &X7ttB"#h
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density t*rp3BIG
圆形致密影 a round density ^s.oZj
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胸膜增厚 pleural thickening ~W/}:;
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle .^GFy
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement 1+FYjh!2t
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion w=gQ3j#s
液气胸 hydropneumothorax ] :GfOgo
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement (S 3jZ
肺门模糊 hilar haze h
X %s]"
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density *+&z|Pwv[^
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) \4C)~T:*
阴影性状 shadow 6
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淡的 haziness
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云雾状 clouding 2;O c^
线装 streaky %pd5w~VP
絮状 patcky `$f\ %
结节状 nodular ]C+eJ0"A
块状 massive Lq3(Z%
粟粒状 miliary dzpj9[
融合状 confluent |F3vRt@
均匀的 homogeneous |c]> Q
二、心脏 Heart Z<w,UvJa
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement K@y-)I2]
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta @ 8A{ 9i
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart `x5ll;"J
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment Cb+P7[X-
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery U<1}I.hDJ
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow t- !h
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左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement Yjpb+}
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation eOO!jrT:
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart zUvB0\{q
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta Rv0-vH.n
心腰部 waist of heart hQ\#Fhu7
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart 39'
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三、腹部平片 KUB film "4J?JR
结石 calculus oiIt3<BX
钙化影 calcified shadow V6A5(-%`y
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern 1Kp?bwh"u
液气平面 gas-fluid level TG""eC!E
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air { mK pD
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination =M Q2sb
胃肠造影 gastroenterography OJh+[bf"
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography {"qW~S90YO
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign 8^&fZL',
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) KFCQYdI`d
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine tyBg7dP
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon %Z-Tb OX
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time z:@d@\$?
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach 1q;I7_{ 2
充盈缺损 filling defect PW(_yB;
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds h8Dtq5t4
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) BxW||O|_N"
球部激惹现象 irritable cap r;@:S~
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) ^hGZVGSv
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis N^@%qUvT]
蠕动消失 aperistalsis 55u^u F
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation D*<8e?F
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon X"]mR7k
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold d1C/u@8^
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold 4cv|ok8P
五、胆道 bile tract xLGTnMYd
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography tPMgZ
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography ]VO,}
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经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography .1l[l5$
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) =qVAvo'
胆总管扩张dilated common duct bN<O<x1j
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily noD7G2o
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately 8tB{rK,
收缩功能 contractibility f(
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六、骨骼skeleton iIC9rso"Q1
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone h;mQ%9 Yd
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance NEjBjLJZ
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction ^{:[^$f:l
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) yg
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骨化 ossification LOYyj?^7
畸形 deformity Iclan\q#y
缩短 shortening NJz*N%VWD
移位 displacement \ &|w;
脱位 luxation u6CMRZ$
半脱位 subluxation :O_
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连接不正 malunion ;Ef)7GE@\[
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture \ {E;u'F
多发性骨折 multiple fracture ;L/T}!Dx
病理性骨折 pathological fracture >G -?e!
关节间隙 joint space Ij,?G*
椎间隙 intervertebral space r+WPQ`Ar
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage trNK9@wT)
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) qy0_1xT-
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis -2mOgv
死骨 sequestrum h;h,dx
骨质坏死 bone necrosis %nK15(
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint 0yEyt7
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关节强直 ankyloses 8`R}L
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation Tx&qp#FS
对线良好 good alignment X+G*Q}5
对位良好 good apposition d~oWu [F*
七、泌尿系统 urological system bJ5z??
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) bTYP{x~ y
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography {;rpgc
萎缩 atrophy jjlCi<9CQ^
移位 deformity *d*;M>
扭曲 distortion _|V+["IS
充盈缺损 filling defect <EE+
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狭窄 stricture lb
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不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone rcb/X`l=
八、X线检查位置 YSUH*i/%
前后位 anteroposterior projection J##X5'a3*
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection }qX&*DU_@
侧位 lateral projection Bwvc@(3v
立位 upright position !ES#::;z?
斜位 oblique projection U@ QU8
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection 9fLP&v
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection [~%;E[ky$
前凸位 lordotic position projection ?;QKe0I^
轴位 axial position 5/VB'N#7s
头位 cranial projection ]cY'6'}Hz
尾位 caudal projection L&k$4,Z9