医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 ]ki) (Bb
一、肺 Lung L+mHeS l
清晰 clear 1uEM;O
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows DYrci?8Ith
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings |`|zo+aW
钙化灶 calcified 0IHAoV60
空洞 cavitation a=sd&](_
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) #WE
lL2&
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density B7S)L#l_\
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows iszVM
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density LaL{
^wP
圆形致密影 a round density f:AfM f>m
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening tiRi_
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle <"S`ZOn
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement umpa!q};
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion 6aWNLJ
@
液气胸 hydropneumothorax @lqI,Ce5
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement cKIA.c}N
肺门模糊 hilar haze *8/cd0
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density >
lI2r}
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) II\}84U2
.
阴影性状 shadow R$">
淡的 haziness M{=p0?X
云雾状 clouding dd@
D
s
线装 streaky 6rlM\k@!
絮状 patcky Ng*O/g`%L
结节状 nodular >QB
Dxm
块状 massive @y|JIBBRc
粟粒状 miliary "msPH<D
融合状 confluent R78P](1\>
均匀的 homogeneous ~`0=-Qkd
二、心脏 Heart uK[gI6M
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement l5U ^
lc
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta qIO)<5\[%d
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart xoQqku"vn
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment 4EhWK;ra
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery vfh\X1Ui}
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow )<T2J0*
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement l i%8X.
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation $
\ I|6[P
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart x`K"1E{2
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta :ZXaJ!
心腰部 waist of heart z~jk_|?|?
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart -)e(Qt#ewl
三、腹部平片 KUB film WwLV^m]
结石 calculus NDG?Xs [2
钙化影 calcified shadow g7K<"Z {M
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern UFj/Y;
液气平面 gas-fluid level ?1H>k<Jp
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air K` <`l
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination *C(q{|f
胃肠造影 gastroenterography "I3&a1*
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography .j`8E^7<
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign Rm@F9D[,
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) FNXVd/{M3
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine (9+N_dLx~P
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon 22D,,nC0+=
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time ?xo<Fv
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach ?M04 cvm
充盈缺损 filling defect >soSOJ[
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds wKy4Ic+RV
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) 4$4n9`odE
球部激惹现象 irritable cap a0cW=0l=
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) L%f$ &
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis 4cAx9bqA
蠕动消失 aperistalsis |d_ rK2
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation )h;zH,DA[3
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon 6X$iTJ[\x
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold \V9);KAOj
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold Mm#=d?YUHJ
五、胆道 bile tract i-&"1D[&
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography |r53>,oR<:
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography |(R[5q
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography f8L3+u
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) ^r~R]stE^
胆总管扩张dilated common duct Z/I`XPmk
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily bqUQadDB
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately 3hNb
?
收缩功能 contractibility K.\-
六、骨骼skeleton SP5t=#M6
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone o`[X _
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance XBHv V05mv
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction WFpR@53Db
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) &bS!>_9
骨化 ossification IN94[yW{1
畸形 deformity 58_aI?~>>
缩短 shortening 2v\-xg%1
移位 displacement ^b(>Bg)T
脱位 luxation IctLhYZ
半脱位 subluxation \)9R1zp/x
连接不正 malunion CI,xp
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture `G.:G/b%H
多发性骨折 multiple fracture _yVF+\kQ
病理性骨折 pathological fracture sR*JU%
关节间隙 joint space vW4N[ .+
椎间隙 intervertebral space Bn{0-5nj
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage 64qQ:D7C
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) &,@wLy^T
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis hTbot^/
死骨 sequestrum mPo] .z
骨质坏死 bone necrosis
g
ed k
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint 9CTvG zkw
关节强直 ankyloses 4lfJc9J
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation >zAI#N4
对线良好 good alignment QabYkL5@
对位良好 good apposition LlG~aGhel
七、泌尿系统 urological system iP~dH/B|v
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) 7'xds
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography CVFsp>+
萎缩 atrophy :j2_Jn4UP
移位 deformity >zDnJb&"&
扭曲 distortion #i GRi!$h
充盈缺损 filling defect oxPb; %
狭窄 stricture 8W_X&X?Q
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone bz?
*#S
八、X线检查位置
O}3M+
前后位 anteroposterior projection
" V`MNZ
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection v+*l|!v
侧位 lateral projection XDJQO /qN
立位 upright position ynN[N(m#
斜位 oblique projection %R{clbbbn
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection ^$y_~z3o#7
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection Do|`wpR
前凸位 lordotic position projection Pne[>}_l/
轴位 axial position Pz"!8b-MN
头位 cranial projection 9D_4]'KG
尾位 caudal projection wWflZ"%