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在英语中按句型来说可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四种,从结构上来说又可以分为简单句、并列句和复合句三种。句子的结构错误是构成句子完整结构的某一成分用错或者缺少,或者使用了多于成分而造成句意不清的错误类型。由于英语语法和汉语语法特点在结构上表现得十分明显,主、谓、宾结构在数、格、人称上的一致、连接手段的正确使用以及词序安排等,都与汉语有着相当大的差异,因此在改错中也是一大难点。句子结构错误类型包括:句子类型使用错误、句子成分短缺、平行结构错误以及词组搭配使用错误。 cP,;Qbe
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下面通过一些例题来进行具体讲解: 2DUr7rM
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例 1 G{/; AK
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Computer analyzed marketing reports can help r7RU"H:j8
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deciding which products to emphasize now, which WBy[m ?d
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to develop for the future, and which to be dropped. 1.__________ C?{D"f
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本句中三个平行成分 which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to be dropped 结构模式应该一致,均采用不定式主动语态,因而 to be dropped 应改为 to drop 。 qo)Q}0
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例 2 ~5FS|[1L
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in 1882 seems miserable indeed. But earlier it had ".Lhte R?
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been ever hard. 1.__________ rn5"o8|
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根据上文中“ earlier ”可知,原句显然是将 1882 年以前的生活与 1882 年时的生活作比较,所以此处 hard 应该改为 harder 。 _Wm(/ +G_|
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and working conditions being poor and dangerous. 1.__________ N90\]dFmy
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在该句中, working hours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful, and working conditions being poor and dangerous 三个小分句为并列结构关系,因此必须保持成分和结构上的一致性,故应该将 being 改为 were 。 l84h%,
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more a question of civilized behavior as good 1.__________ :)KTZ
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“ more…than… ”是固定搭配用法,在此句中表示“与其…不如…”的意思,而不是“比…多”的意思;没有“ more…as… ”的搭配用法,故应该将 as 改为 than 。 c[wQJc
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练习题 w\"n!^ms
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small college allows the student four years of structural QrNL7{
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living in which to expect and preparing for the real world. 1.__________ jV,(P$ 5;
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the student must, therefore, consider a great many factors. I{?E /Sc
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and so going to the movies. 2.__________ |"Xi%CQ2
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3 The next morning the sun rose like a red ball on the eZR8<Z%
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itself behind patches of clouds but it seemed a rain was 3.__________ FfD
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suddenly began to rain. ArmL,
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5 That is worthy of note about these two groups is that 5.__________ WnJLX ^;
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among the 40 people there are only two women. VH7iH|eW
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inferior in intelligence. Z'>eT)
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words as you can. Ji}IV
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8 It is just on that day when I bumped into Miss Helen 8.__________ _[OEE<(
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for mining, fishing, and to exploring unknown areas. 10.__________ Hv7D+j8M
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答案解析: &Cpxo9-
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1.preparing→prepare。属于平行结构中的动词错误。在并列连词and前后显然要有形式一致的动词,但前面没有与preparing呼应的现在分词(注:同行中的living是in which中which的先行词,故一定是名词,而不是现在分词——这是词形表面上的干扰),故只能改动preparing使之与前面的动词不定式expect一致,这里也有考生将preparing改为prepares,用意是与句中谓语动词allows一致,但要注意,句中不定式expect是及物动词,它的宾语是“the real world”,必须与prepare for共享。 @?cXa: tX
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2.so后面加is。该句是一个并列句,第一个分词结构是完整的,主语由动名词“going to school”担当,第二个分词表语部分与前面相同。为避免重复,而使用代词so,但是谓语不能省略,必须加上is才是完整的结构。 Ho8.-QSG
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3.but→and。 M
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4.when→than。“no sooner…than…”和“hardly…when…”是固顶结构,相互之间不能交换使用。 Qufv@.'AY
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