句子结构的错误 cWa)#:JOV
在英语中按句型来说可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四种，从结构上来说又可以分为简单句、并列句和复合句三种。句子的结构错误是构成句子完整结构的某一成分用错或者缺少，或者使用了多于成分而造成句意不清的错误类型。由于英语语法和汉语语法特点在结构上表现得十分明显，主、谓、宾结构在数、格、人称上的一致、连接手段的正确使用以及词序安排等，都与汉语有着相当大的差异，因此在改错中也是一大难点。句子结构错误类型包括：句子类型使用错误、句子成分短缺、平行结构错误以及词组搭配使用错误。 Lm6** v
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下面通过一些例题来进行具体讲解： {( tHk_q
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例 1 Vrkf(E3_V
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Computer analyzed marketing reports can help Y;
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deciding which products to emphasize now, which .`p&ATg v
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to develop for the future, and which to be dropped. 1.__________ )uheV,ZnY
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本句中三个平行成分 which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to be dropped 结构模式应该一致，均采用不定式主动语态，因而 to be dropped 应改为 to drop 。 ~ Z)/RT/
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例 2 W+ =o&V
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of a working family today, the life of the workingman
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been ever hard. 1.__________ r@G#[.*A>
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根据上文中“ earlier ”可知，原句显然是将 1882 年以前的生活与 1882 年时的生活作比较，所以此处 hard 应该改为 harder 。 ~+6Vdx m
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例 3 x.mrCJn)
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At the beginning of the nineteenth century working *#
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and working conditions being poor and dangerous. 1.__________ *Mc7f ?H
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在该句中， working hours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful, and working conditions being poor and dangerous 三个小分句为并列结构关系，因此必须保持成分和结构上的一致性，故应该将 being 改为 were 。 _i0kc,*C\
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例 4 26?W
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more a question of civilized behavior as good 1.__________ E>LkJS y=
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“ more…than… ”是固定搭配用法，在此句中表示“与其…不如…”的意思，而不是“比…多”的意思；没有“ more…as… ”的搭配用法，故应该将 as 改为 than 。 ?
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练习题 V gb *% I
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1 On the contrary, the intimate atmosphere of the 1F8 W9b^D
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small college allows the student four years of structural 3f Xv4R;!:
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living in which to expect and preparing for the real world. 1.__________ ]M>9ULQ
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the student must, therefore, consider a great many factors. >Iewx
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Going to school is part of the socialization process,
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and so going to the movies. 2.__________ 1% F?B-k
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3 The next morning the sun rose like a red ball on the _I`,Br:N
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itself behind patches of clouds but it seemed a rain was 3.__________ h)1qp Qj
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apparent. "'8KV\/D
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4 But luckily, no sooner had we entered the car when it 4.__________ ]q- g[e'
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5 That is worthy of note about these two groups is that 5.__________ Q%/<ZC.Mz6
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among the 40 people there are only two women. H/M
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6 Women members are so less than members that we 6.__________ GV)< Q^9
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inferior in intelligence. i>EgG5iJ
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7 The best way to avoid using dictionaries when you ZcuA6#3B
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are reading English books is to try to remember many 7.__________ =0 @&GOq
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words as you can. '(f/~"9B
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8 It is just on that day when I bumped into Miss Helen 8.__________ g}p;\o
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on my way to work. GDYFU* 0
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9 It is in the cinema not on the street where he lost his 9.__________ _"4xKh )
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wallet which contained ＄ 1,000 in it. T[= S$n -'
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10 In the future passengers ships will be built to travel ! _2 n
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for mining, fishing, and to exploring unknown areas. 10.__________ ;n\= R 5.
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答案解析： #d{=\$=
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1.preparing→prepare。属于平行结构中的动词错误。在并列连词and前后显然要有形式一致的动词，但前面没有与preparing呼应的现在分词（注：同行中的living是in which中which的先行词，故一定是名词，而不是现在分词——这是词形表面上的干扰），故只能改动preparing使之与前面的动词不定式expect一致，这里也有考生将preparing改为prepares，用意是与句中谓语动词allows一致，但要注意，句中不定式expect是及物动词，它的宾语是“the real world”，必须与prepare for共享。 'WHHc 9rG,
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2.so后面加is。该句是一个并列句，第一个分词结构是完整的，主语由动名词“going to school”担当，第二个分词表语部分与前面相同。为避免重复，而使用代词so，但是谓语不能省略，必须加上is才是完整的结构。 k`".
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3.but→and。 >r & ;3:"
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4.when→than。“no sooner…than…”和“hardly…when…”是固顶结构，相互之间不能交换使用。 )pw&c_x
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5.that→what。该句结构比较复杂，前面整个句子作为主语，但是that不能作为主语从句的主语成分，因此改成what。 2tayP@$
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6.less→fewer。 8\ <jyJ
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7.many前加as。 5>9Y|UU
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8.when→that。因为该句是一个强调句，所强调成分的代词除了在所强调成分为“人”时使用who或者that的情况外，一律使用that。 5 )1+~ B
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9.where→that。 lC 97_ T
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10.删除to。
