加入VIP 上传考博资料 您的流量 增加流量 考博报班 每日签到
   
主题 : 2017 年上海交通大学考博英语语法
级别: 初级博友
显示用户信息 
楼主  发表于: 2019-09-19   
来源于 考博资料 分类

2017 年上海交通大学考博英语语法

(2)动词have第三人称用has,其余人称都用have。 h"M}Iz~|V?  
(3)第三人称单数需要在动词词尾加-s或-es。 e 2k!5O S  
2)基本用法 =`Nnd@3v  
(1)用于表示客观真理、科学事实或习惯性的动作以及存在的特征、状态,常用的时 IiS1ubNtZ  
间标志是:often, always, sometimes, usually, every day ( week, month, year, morning ) , @U:WWTzf  
seldom等。例如: wz T+V,   
The sun rises in the east. F2OU[Z,-]  
He usually goes to work by bus. ZXe[>H  
The Jones always go to church on Sunday. 2mVH*\D  
(2)表示按计划或安排好的将来的动作,常用的词有:go, be, start, arrive, stay等。例 )6^b\`  
如: v #IC  
The plane arrives in Beijing this afternoon. u;J9aKD  
The project starts early this year. 9F ).i  
There is a conference tonight. uWvl<{2  
(3)由if, when 引导的条件和时间状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如: Z;SRW92@  
When you see him, please say hello to him for me. $1# |<|  
If it is fine tomorrow, we will go outing. BDD^*Y  
2 、一般过去时 Ed.~9*m  
1)构成:动词过去式 <@ (HQuL#  
2)基本用法 >")%4@  
用于表示过去某一时刻或时期内发生的动作或状态。常用的时间标志词有: (;V]3CtU*  
yesterday, then, later, next day, just now, a moment ago,ago, last year (week, month)或由 Kx ?}%@ b  
when, while等引导的表明过去时间的状语从句。例如: L)HuQVc g  
He died five years ago. 6EP5n  
In those days we sowed the wheat by hand. gP^'4>Jr  
He has given up smoking, but a year ago he =r:D]?8oC  
smoked 100 cigarettes a week. %~ZOQ%c1  
When he was a child, he sold newspapers for a living. {(7C=)8):  
3 、一般将来时 8!S="_  
1)构成 ZsNUT4  
will +动词原形 L}l c=\  
2)基本用法  }m\  
用于表示将来的动作或状态。常用的时间标志词有:the day after tomorrow in等。 =y[eQS$  
例如:They will have a final examination this afternoon. xAon:58m{  
3)表示将来时的其他形式 {6a";Xj\e  
(1) “be going to + 动词原形”表示很快就要发生的 事或打算要做的事或有迹象表 }7wQFKME  
明即将发生的事。例如: :X,1KR  
The director is going to call on a meeting to discuss it. /'!F \ kz  
(2) “be to +动词原形”表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作或表示命令、禁止或 po\QMe  
可能性。例如: AIN_.=]"?  
The Prime Minister is to speak on TV tonight. %~}9#0h)  
(3) “be + 现在分词”表示一个最近按计划或安排要 进行的动作,常用于表示位 &yp_wW-  
置转移的词,如go, come,arrive,leave, start等,或其他动词。例如: Cq}LKiu  
We're leaving on Friday. C(xdiQJh  
They're moving to another hotel the day after tomorrow. ,d&~#W]  
(4)“be about + 动词原形”表示即将做某事。可译 成汉语“将要,正要”。例如: : -t e  
He is about to retire. bUU_NqUf*3  
4 、现在进行时 f.,S-1D]h  
1)构成:由 “am, is, are + 现在分词”构成。 2{| U  
2)基本用法 V`G)8?%Vy  
(1) 用于此刻正在进行的动作。例如: *^}(LoPZ  
What are you doing ? I'm writing a report. U43PHcv_  
Hurry up!We’re all waiting for you. +p>tO\mo  
(2) 与always, continually, constantly, for ever等频度副词连用,表示某种带有感情色彩 AW%^Xt  
(赞叹、抱怨、厌烦等)的现阶段经常发生的动作。例如: > ~J&i3  
He is constantly complaining about his job. vsRn \Y  
She’s always borrowing and forgetting to pay me back. 6- s/ \  
5 、现在完成时 D-69/3PvP  
1)构成: 由“have / has 十过去分词”构成。 6rq:jvlx$  
2)基本用法 bX=A77  
表示动作已经完成或刚刚完成或过去开始的动作一直持续到现在,而且可能持续下 3K_J"B*7  
去。常用的时间标志词有:already, before, ever, just, once, recently, yet 等或由since (wo.OH  
引导的短语或从句和for引导的表示一段时间的短语。例如: >#)^4-e  
We’ve just back. :BN qr[=b  
We have studied English for more than ten years. TMT65X!  
He has lived here since 1995. >E^sZmY[f-  
I have played the piano since 1 came to England. X8GIRL)lJ  
Have you booked your hotel yet "6FZX~]s!  
注意:现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 oDrfzm|[Y  
(1)过去与现在的关系 ;mjk`6p  
这两种时态都表示过去发生过的动作,但前者强调的是过去的动作对现在的影 LeF Z%y)F  
响,后者只表示过去某一时间发生过的动作而与现在无关,即不强调该动作对现在 +A>>Ak|s  
造成的影响。 "fU=W|lY  
(2)时间状语不同 &l/2[>D%4  
一般过去时带有明确的表示过去时间的状语,现在完成时带有already, yet, just, hV)D,oN3  
ever, never 等表示不定时间的状语以及表示到现在为止这段时间的状语,如 up till SRRqIQz  
now, so far, recently, this morning ( week, term ) 等。例如: .-awl1 W  
I have just opened the door.(现在门是开着的。) AVF(YD<U  
I opened the door just now. ( open 只是过去发生的一个动作,门现在不一定是 =e$<[ "  
开着的。) YNRpIhb  
6 、过去进行时 6c$ so  
1)构成:由“was / were +现在分词”构成。 #.'0DWT \-  
2)基本用法 wqkD  
表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。其时间标志是:带有表示过去时间的状语从句或通过上下文判断的过去时间。例如: nQy.?*X  
I was reading a newspaper when he came in last night. G3 rTzMO  
They were having a meeting at this time yesterday. 3"NO"+ Q  
7 、过去完成时 l=GcgxD+"d  
1)构成:由“had 十过去分词”构成。 o^&u?F9  
2)基本用法 Vzn0;  
表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作,表示的是“过去的过去”。常用的 7jL+c~  
时间标志是by, before 等介词或连词引导的短语或从句。例如: ywTt<;  
I had just finished the work when Peter phoned me yesterday morning ;h<(vc3@f  
The plane had taken off when we got to the airport. bA!n;  
The boy had chased the cow away before it did more damage. }E0~'  
8 、过去将来时 !}[}YY?',i  
1)构成:由“should/would +动词原形”构成。 `u$  Rd   
2)基本用法 X'Q?Mh  
表示过去某一时刻之后将要发生的动作或情况,通常用于主句谓语动词是一般过去 <`rmQ`(}s  
时的宾语从句中。例如: P{fT5K|  
He said he would stop smoking next month. `?E|frz[  
We wanted to know when the English class would begin. {R H&mu  
9 、将来完成时 v3O+ ;4  
1)构成:由“shall (will) + have + 过去分词”构成。 -<H\VT%98  
2)基本用法 Z.' j7(tu  
表示将来某一时刻之前完成的动作。例如: v=5H,4UMA  
By this time next year I will have opened my first book store. 9^ ;Cz>6s  
Hurry up! Otherwise the train will have left before we get to the station. |ecK~+  
10 、现在完成进行时 kb3>q($  
1)构成 ,2oFt\`.r  
2)基本用法 6$/Z.8  
表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作,这个动作可能还会继续下去或是 mxD]`F  
到说话的时候刚刚结束,但强调到说话时为止动作一直进行着。常常与表示一段时间的 dhrh "x_?:  
状语连用。例如: ;> hRj!  
I have been reading this novel the whole morning. #dA 9v7  
He has been studying English for years. zVt1Ta:j  
He has been playing computer games since early morning. `A \,$(q+  
注意:现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 #zmt x0  
1)现在完成进行时强调动作的延续。例如: ?vt#M^Q   
They have been building a ship.(在进行中) o8_))  
They have built a ship.(已完成) M>qqe!c*  
I’ve been writing letters for an hour.(我还有很多信要写。) C WBlDz  
2)现在完成进行时能够表达情感。例如:I’ve been waiting there for about two hours! w#6)XR|+,.  
(表达不满情绪) 5 w-Pq&q  
II. 动词的语态 F $/7X~*  
英语中,语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。被动语态由“be + 动词的过去分词”构成。 B]2m(0Y>>v  
现以call为例将被动语态的不同时态列表如下: i~3\jD=<  
一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 !$u:_8  
现在 is/are/am called is/am/are being called have/has been called ,V^2 Oa  
过去 was/were called was/were being called had been called :$6m S[@|  
将来 shall/will be lA{JpH_Y8s  
called B4@1WZn<8  
------ shall/will have been called X9 N4  
应注意的事项: MJ"@  
1) 只有及物动词才有被动语态。被动语态的主语是动作的承受者。 VLPPEV-u  
He was beat severely by the gunman. gmqA 5W~y  
The cup was broken by Tom. 'XJqh|G  
2) 句子的谓语为动词短语改为被动语态时要注意保留完整的动词短语,不要丢掉介词 &|-jU+r}B  
或副词。例如: *I:a \o~$[  
The child will be taken good care of when you are away. j> 8S,b=%  
The meeting has been put off till June 1st. "D,}|  
3) 双宾语结构的句子改为被动语态,一般把间接宾语改为主语。如若把直接宾语改为 r2%Qk  
主语的话,注意表达方式的变化。例如: %i6/= 'u  
I gave him a new watch as a Christmas gift. (主动语态) Pm7lP5  
He was given a new watch (by me) as a Christmas gift. (被动语态) IM$ d~C  
A new watch was given to him as a Christmas gift.(被动语态) 1%$t;R  
4) 不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补语的主动语态改为被动语态时,动词不定式还原to。 `pb=y}  
常用的动词有:make, have, see, believe, notice, find 等。例如: `]`S"W7&  
We were made to work twelve hours a day. 1l5'N= hL  
The old lady was seen to cross the road and come into a store. DHg)]FQ/  
5) 表示被动的其他形式: A("\m>g$b  
A)“get +过去分词”。例如: CwM 1 _3cE  
She got her purse stolen. wpWZn[j  
I must get my hair cut. `_()|;!y  
B) need, require, want 这三个词的后面常用动名词的主动形式表被动或直接用动 tkYPfUvTE  
词不定式的被动形式表被动。例如: 5g%D0_e5  
My electric fan needs fixing immediately. ( Sjlm^bca  
My electric fan needs to be fixed immediately. "8p<NsU   
C) 有些动词习惯上用主动形式表示被动意思。常用的词有:sell , open , close, wash, : q>)c]  
lock, read, shut, wear, write 例如: "S+AkLe(  
The book sells very well. bE,#,  
The parachute opens easily. =Fc}T %  
6) “It’s + 过去分词十主语从句”结构中,常用动词所构成的句式有: "574%\#4z  
It’s said (据说) ; It’s known (据悉) ; It’s reported (据报道) ; It’s claimed (据称) ; eiCmd =O7  
It’s estimated (据估计) ; It’s supposed (据推测) 。 !LQzf(s;  
评价一下你浏览此帖子的感受

精彩

感动

搞笑

开心

愤怒

无聊

灌水

  
描述
快速回复

验证问题:
免费考博网网址是什么? 正确答案:freekaobo.com
按"Ctrl+Enter"直接提交