医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 j>o +}p?3I  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） N4To#Q1w  
记分标准如下： s
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 |nEVOy>'  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 M?B(<j1Ri  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 ~B&
*7Q7  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 ]|N4 #4  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 f%{Tu`  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。  M_1Tx  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： cU*lB!  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； Q H_W\W  
　　2） 语法基本正确； B~>cNj<  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； + |qfgi  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； {1MGb%xW  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 bV`C;RPn  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 *9vA +uN  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 9*KMbd^T  
考生出现的问题 U+;>S$  
不会审题 5Vi]~dZu7  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 9>Uq$B  
用词搭配不当。 C 6d]tLE  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 ~"0@u  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 JT|u;Z*n  
Our English class often told stories. HRV*x!|I  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. _IL2-c
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不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 wm=RD9 8  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. xb>n&ym?  
语法错误。 0[lsoYUq  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 A)zPaXZ  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； !\
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　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 D#7_TKX  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 5#0e={X  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 '_qQrP#  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 #+"4&:my  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： q[G/}  
It is often said that… (`6%og#8  
Generally speaking… t<
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As the proverb says… e40udLH~x  
It goes without saying that… ,;.B4  
It is clear/obvious that… {p DTy7!Hs  
Mary people often ask … A XBkJ'jd  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： l(%k6  
It is true that… b]*X<,p  
Everybody knows that… M XZq  
It can be easily proved that… 8xF)_UV  
No one can deny that… P8wy*JvT  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… oYz!O]j;a  
The chief reason why …is that … x(PKFn  
We must recognize that… QCOLC2I  
There is no doubt that… -J,Q;tj   
I am of the opinion that… s`hav  
This can expressed as follows… N = LM?(H
 
To take…for an example (instance) … W+gpr|R2  
Therefore we should realize that … A&?}w_|9  
We have reason to believe that… &%^K,Q"  
We know that… ]9jZndgC  
What is more serious is that… Y@Y`gF6F  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： ll^DY hx}  
Another special consideration in this case is that … 90~*dN
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Besides, we should not neglect that… {6'*Phw  
However, … <cYp~e%xIw  
But the problem is not so simple, … cd!|Ne>fe  
Therefore… Is13 :  
But it is a pity that… {Eu'v$c!  
On the other hand, … IX9K.f  
I do not believe that… -kl;!:'.3  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… 3gpo %  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… sAi&A9"*   
Though we are in basic agreement with … 6lsL^]7  
The trouble seems that… Q',m{;;  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… W,3zL.qH"  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… c3] C:t+  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： -Q$b7*"z(  
In a word, … 'M8aW!~  
In sum, … hK(t
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In conclusion, … :.$"kXm^  
From this point of view, … 5`~mqqR5  
On account of this we can find that … QH~Jy*\+PX  
The result is dependent on … j0FW8!!-g  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information…  7^MX l  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… F$Q04Qw  
　　2.句子连接 <C t_d Cc  
　　(1)“启” KiAcA]0  
in the first place at present )iU^&@[S  
currently it goes without saying that J &YQ]l  
lately first _s+c+]bO  
first of all now ;W{b $k@g  
presently firstly 9#k0_vDoW  
generally recently *N F$1  
in the beginning to begin with XP-C  
to start with in general hj!+HHYSk  
　　(2)“承” \a))  
after a few days after a while 8>NwCjN  
also at any arte {%b }Z2  
at the same time besides |~K(F<;j  
by this time certainly 2z_2.0/3  
consequently for example y=aV=qD   
for instance for this purpose rh%m;i<b  
from now on furthermore |P~;C6sf  
in addition in addition to… *(QH{!-$s  
in fact in other words 2) ?q58  
in particular in the same manner p[v#EyoC  
incidentally indeed U)D[]BVg  
meanwhile moreover >w|*ei:@S  
no doubt obviously 0$HmY2 Men  
of course particularly  27D!'S  
second secondly W5pb;74|  
similarly so {0v*xL_O^  
soon still O1P=#l iYX  
then third j9R6ta3\l  
thirdly truly ^G|98yc!'  
unlike… what is more Ug%_@t/?  
　　(3)“转” {Wv%zA*8  
after all all the same 0Scm? l3  
anyway at the same time E167=BD9<  
but by this time T~xwo  
conversely despite… oxz{ ejd{  
especially… fortunately r"{<%e  
however in other words ~DF:lqwWP  
in particular in spite of… $m| V :/  
in the same way likewise <a^Oj LLU  
luckily nevertheless >mq,}!n  
no doubt not withstanding … jd-glE,Y/  
on the contrary on the other hand {+.r5py  
otherwise perhaps… DcD{*t?x  
unfortunately unlike… &^".2)zU  
whereas… yet Ex BUpDQc  
nonetheless as a matter of fact PWr(*ZP>hI  
(4)“合” wBSQ:f]g  
above all accordingly 3_$w|ET  
as a consequence as a result BJ}D%nm}  
as has been noted as I have said  .)tSg  
at last at length f9u^R=Ff[  
by and large briefly ]< l6s  
by doing so consequently :[l\@>H1tX  
eventually finally / |r
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hence in brief 9!',b>C6  
in conclusion in short #-VMg+14  
on the whole therefore NpP' )m!`}  
thus to speak frankly ) u%je~Vw  
to sum up to summarize K>Fqf +_  
indeed surely h ZXXBp  
to conclude obviously k%c{ETdE  
certainly truly ||7x;2e  
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常用句型 #N(= 3Cj  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 796\jf$  
1. In general, I don’t agree with $@-P5WcRs  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. 3f.b\4 U  
3. The chief reason why… is that… %M F;`;1  
4.There is no true that… 4S"\~><  
5. It is not true that… JCx WWre  
6. It can be easily denied than… .T<=z  
7. We have no reason to believe that… VZr>U*J[:  
8. What is more serious is that… ia&AW  
9. But it is pity that… g,tjm(  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… M-L2w"  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… mYN7kYR}<`  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… /@ !CKh`  
13. Perhaps I was question why… Ei}/iBG@  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… RoA?p;]<  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but <~ad:[  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… q\Q{sv_  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… #4MBoN(3  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… ptatzp]c#  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… 6vuq1  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… jUv!9Y}F  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … =L%DX#8  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. ~CB[9D=  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. \P} p5k[  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. 5$DHn]  
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用于描写图表和数据 M;cO0UIwO  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. GoA4f3   
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. Qy<[7  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. /27Jev
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4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. /{wJEuE  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. ul%h@=n  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. D3|oOOoG  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. 0 TfS=scT  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. mRB  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. o7mZzzP  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. ,Y3W?  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… $0bjKy  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 [:xiZ  
1.Everybody knows that… 4}`  
2.It can be easily proved that… (D@A74q\'  
3. It is true that… e[sK@jX6  
4. No one can deny that v9Xp97J2  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… e]jH+IR:>  
6. The chief reason is that… R!l:O=[<  
7. We must recognize that… {Fzs@,|W.  
8. There is on doubt that…
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9. I am of the opinion that… RI
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10. This can be expressed as follows; gN)c  
11. To take …for an example… B||;'  
12. We have reason to believe that Lm@vXgMD  
13. Now that we know that… `"qP  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… LH:i| I  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that /y^7p9Z`  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… 1sPdz L  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… FQ>`{%>  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… 0i8LWX_M  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… /r12h|  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… K}=|.sE9  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… S(\9T1DVe  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… ?<6CFH]  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… 'ejvH;V3i  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. Hcc"b0>}{  
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用于文章的开头 rHP%0f9:  
1. As the proverb says… Isx#9C  
2. It goes without saying tan… PQ@L+],C  
3. Generally speaking… -{`@=U  
4. It is quite clear than because… c{[q>@y pK  
5. It is often said that … Fq9Q+RNMZL  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” 9<Kj6t_  
7. More and more people have come to realize… }8;[O 9  
8. There is no doubt that… w&xDOyW]  
9. Some people believe that… 3B pZX`l*p  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? N41R  
11. One great man said that… D5~n/.B"  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. Py`N 4y~  
13. In the past several years there has been… GWvH[0  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… QM?#{%31  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… r!,}Z=cGe  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… udeoW-_  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … qYhs|tY)  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. Jjl`_X$CB  
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用于文章的结尾 HNL42\Kz!  
1. from this point of view… 1 ,5E`J  
2. in a word… @(C1_  
3. in conclusion… UU8pz{/  
4. on account of this we can find that… I7^zU3]Ul  
5. the result is dependent on… 0EJ(.8hwm  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: Zf5`XslA.  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… ;l}- Z@! /  
8. to sum up … _e9:me5d"$  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… "`[!Lz
 
10. It is obvious that… e$Y[Z{T5  
11. There is little doubt that… e*j.  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful %7g:}O$  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. /k"`7`!  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… $)H@|<K  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… Cye$H9 2  
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用于论证和说明 ;+1RUv  
1. As it is described that… ~8aJ S,u  
2. It has been illustrated that… ps$7bN C  
3. It provides a good example of… L#)(H^[  
4. We may cite another instance of… >MJg ,  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… Z/rTVAs@r  
6. A number of further facts may be added… "n:{!1VGw  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. |y20Hi':  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… 2&Nb  
9. According to the statistics provided … !.1%}4@Q]  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… c#N<"cy>  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… HG'{J^t  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… 5X.e*;  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… 0b91y3R+  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… d*pF>j  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… {A|TowBN  
16. All the facts suggest that… j EXW  
17. No one can deny the fact that… $hxNhI  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… )EyI0R]5  
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