中国人民大学——英语2004年博士研究生入学考试试题 mSw$?
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II. Vocabulary (10 points) To x{Sk3L
PartA (5 points) ^-s'Ad3
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices iIOA5 4!o
marked iL B, C arm 1). Choose the:one thatbest completes the *rY@(|
sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across g4NxNjM;
the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET 1. ZT
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Example: C~16Jj:v
She prefers foreign wine to that produced__ N;<.::x
A. previously B. vLrtually C. primarily D. domestically }y<p_dZI
The sentence should read,; "She prefers foreign wine to that produce uF xrv
domesticany." Therefore, you should choose D. V3<baxdE
Sample Answer c:
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[A] [B] [C] [D] K`=O!;
1. International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the 'baew8Q#
present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages__ 8PQn=k9
patriotism. 6m#V=4e*
A. obsolete B. aggressive C. harmonious D. amiable -ZTe#@J
Z One call understand others much better by noting the immediate and <kQ
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fleeting reactions of their eyes and __ to expressed thoughts. % D]vKv~<
A. dilemmas B. countenances C. concessions D. junctions 8|
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3. People innately _____ for superiority over their peers although it Y\7>>
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sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power. 8p4J7 -
A. strive B. ascertain C. justify D. adhere l+6y$2QR
4. Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of, zoo or wildlife %LeQpbyOR
for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set C-
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up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them. 72hN%l
A. conservation B. maintenance C. storage D. reserve ?2hS<qXX
5. According to the latest report, consumer confidence___ a breathtaking 6S#Y$2
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15 points .last month, to its lowest level in 9 years. %2 A-u
A. soared B. mutated C. plummeted D. fluctuated gB4&pPN
6. Melissa is a computer___ that destroyed files in computers and P5u
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frustrated thousands of users around the world. !N\<QRb\q
A. genius B. vires C. disease D. bacteria MAhJ>qe8
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7. The emphasis:on examinations is iby far the. worst form of ==zt)s.G(+
competition in schools. 8>T#sO?+
A. negligent B. edible C. fabulous D. disproportionate ^/nj2"
8. The boy seemed more _____ to their poverty, after seeing how his y v6V1gK
grandparents lived. G,tJ\xMw8
A. reconciled B. consolidated RCXm</
C. deteriorated D. attributed "gm[q."n<
9. During his two-month stay, in China, Tom never____ a chance to (mO{W
practice his Chinese. sK)fEx
A. passed on B. passed up C. passed by D. passed out AYhWeI+
10. When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his ____ can be ^$8@B]*
distributed. !n;0%"(FH
A. paradoxes B. legacies C. platitudes D. analogin #xUX1(
Part B (5 points) Rm@#GP`
Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word or phrase xJG&vOf;?
underlined. Below the sentence are four choices marked A, B, C, and u/wWP4'$J@
D. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underiined part. %bu$t,
Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square A
-C.Bi;/
bracket on ANSWER SHEET I. U2v;[ >=]
Example: LtIR)EtB]
The secretary is Very competent; she can finish all these letters within one o#"U8N%r
.. ;.,ca, ODe Q6Ay$*y=D
bour. zd%n)jlwR
A. careful B. industrious C. clever D. capable _xKIp>A
In this sentence, "competent" is closest -;n m e:zting to "capable". Therefore 2 m"2>gX
you should choose D. YC!IIE_
Sample Answer -yP|CZM
[A] [B] [C] [DD] yH=Hrz:<eM
11. He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in traditional Kw%to9eh)
roles such as cooking or taking care of the baby. AvmI<U
A. depict B. advocate D; criticize D. analyze JXx[e
12,. They achieved more than they had eyer dreamed, lending a magic tO their ftb .CPWI
family story that no tale or ordinary life could possibly rival. qjBF]3%t%
A.confirm B. achieve C.match D exaggerate !W\za0p
13. The most urgent thing is to find a dump. for those toxic____ industrial wastes. ;\'d9C
A. imminent B. recyclable C. smelly D. poisonous x?"+Or.h
i4. British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns would >z'T"R/
nor be fired without an attempt to win a further U.N.sanction. <)68ol~<
A. allies B. delegates C. voters D. juries A!^
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15. The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our :children's college and =x
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our own retirement security is ,chilling. ts:YJAu+F
A. frightening B. promising C. freezing D. revealing o?{-K-'B$
16. Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy against the British YigDrW
Crown. 5!s7`w]8*0
A. secret plan B. bold attack C. clever design D. joint effort L
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17. Evidence, reference, and foomotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous c]/X
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researcher who does considerable justice to a full range of different gcA,u)z}R
beorefical and political positions. ^KF%Z2:$
A. trustworthy B. intelligent C. diligent D. meticulous Z1~`S!(}
18. Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, them are no stories of women W9rmAQjn
being raped or wanton violence against civilians in the region. O>@
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A. intriguing B. exasperating: C. demonstrative D. unprovoked :|HCUZ*H(T
19. The gang derived their nickname from their dark clothing and blacked up 5M&<tj/[a0
faces for .nocturnal raids in the forest. f
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A. illegal B. night-time C, brutal D. abusive 4T>d%Tt+)
20. Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda has a 8b[<:{[YB
more avid fondness for the limelight, Krd0Gc~\|
A. mercurial B, gallant C. ardent D. frugal h]vuBHJ}
III. Cloze (10 points) j,79G^/YG
Directions : Read the following passage. Choose the best word for each O~OM.:al&
numbered blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the M^&^g
square bracket on Answer Sheet I. *5KDu$'(e
Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea, x
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___ 21 ___ into a hobby and Iately has ____22 ____ into a full- time passion. The 3kavzB[
two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph. D candidates AIG5a$}&
___ 23 _ Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, started theirguide in Tl
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April 1994 as a way to keep 24 of their personal interest on the Intemet. YS bS.tq
Before long they ___25 ___ that their home,brewed lists were becoming too ':7gYP*v
long and ____ 26____ Gradually they began to spend more andmore time on f+%s.[;A
Yahoo. (&1565
During 1994, they ____ 27____ yahoo into a customized database designed ,R}9n@JI^Y
to____28_____ the needs of the thousands of users____29____ began to use the XC!Y {lp
service through the closely ___ 30____ Intemet community. They developed 2-%9k)KH
customized software to help them___ 31 ___ locate, identify and edit material R9-Uoc/
___32___ on the Intemet. The name Yahoo is ____ 33____ to stand for "Yet ' 7H"ezt
Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle". but Filo and Yang insist they selected (
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the ___34 ___ because they considered themselves yahoos. Yahoo? itself first K2gF;(
___ 35 ___ on Yang's workstation, "akebono", while the search engine was X`A+/{ H
___ 36 ___ on Filo's computer, "Konishiki". S|O#KE
In early 1995 Marc Andreessen, co-founder of Netscape Communication zym6b@+jN
in Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files OCu/w1bc
___ 37___ to larger computers ___38____ at Netscape. As a result Stanford's ;+*/YTkC+P
computer network returned to ___ 39___ , and both parties benefiasc. Today, ;!B,P-Z"g
Yahoo___ 40 ___ organized information on tens of thousands of computers {$I1(DYN
linked to the web. $lg{J$
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1. A. became B. grew C. mm D. intend sn8l3h)
2. A. made B. saw C. looked D. turned :)F0~Q
3. A. in B. on C. about D. fer yeLd,
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4. A. touch ?. contact C. n-ack D. record Bo;
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5. A. founded E. found C. argued D. reported (gUVZeVFP
6. A. unwieldy B. tough C. tamable D invaluable MaZVGrcC
7. A. exchanged B. shank C. sold D. converted @+sYwlA~
8. A. explain B. serve C. discover D. evaluate sj&1I.@,>
9. A. which B. that C. actually D. eagerly }"STc&1
10. A. relative B. interactive C.bound D. contacted "}b/[U@>
11. A. fluently B. efficiently C.exactly D. actually h*?]A
12. A. transmitted B. purchased C. sold D. Hq|{Nt%Q
13. A. about B. bound C. going D. supposed G[]h1f!
I4. A. fable B. model C. name D. brand \"9ysePI
15. A. supported B. resided C. lived D. launched _sQhD i
16. A. connected B. lodged C. introduced D. linked aZmac'cz{
17. A. over B, away C. inside D. beneath @v/
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18. A. housed B. caught C. hosed D. bidden xu@+b~C\
19. A. average B. normal C. ordinary D. equal >gDKkeLD
20. A. attains B.detains C. maintains D. contains Wu)An
IV. Reading Comprehension (20 points) m,Mg
Directions: Read the following passages, decideon the best one of the choices Ue=1NnRDkA
marked A, B, C, and D for each question or unfinished statement and then mark 7! ~)a
the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on the EJ(z]M`f
ANSWER SHEET. |21*p#>
Passage 1 K<v:RbU|[1
Guthrie's contiguity principle offers practical suggestions for how to break 'JJ :
babies. awSi0*d~
One application of the thrcshoM method involves the time young children eIbz`|%3
spend on academic activities. Young children have short attention spans, so the %Lom#:L'
length of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited. Most activities C\*0621
are scheduled to last no longer than 30 to 40 minutes. However, at the start of fz rH}^
the school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems often 0QBK(_O`
result. To apply Gutiarie's theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limit N`LY$U+N|
activities to 15 to 20 minutes. Over the next few weeks the teacher could Er|j\(jM
gredually increase the time students spend working on a single activity. 5KW
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The threshold methoci also can be applied to teaching printing abd 7e H j"_;
handwriting. When children first learn to form letters, their movements 8O0]hz
awkward and they lack free motor coordination. The distances between lines on W 7w*VD|
a page are purposely wide so children can fit the letters into the space. If paper pz]KUQ
with narrow lines is initially introduced, students' letters would spill over the nM`pnR_
borders and students might become frustrated. Once students can form letters v"dl6%D"
within the larger borders, they can use paper with smaller borders to help them wpOM~!9R
refine their skills. 6G:7r [
The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive students e*39/B0S
who build paper airplanes and sail them across the room. The teacher can Agwl2AM5k
remove the students from the classroom, We them a large stack of paper, and fjHd"!)
3
tell them to start making paper airplanes. After the students have made several =!=DISPo
airplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cue for sd
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not building airplanes. 7/bF04~%
Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter their !~]'&9
physical education class. To employ the fatigue method, theteacher might <\L=F8[
decide to have these students continue to run a few more laps after the class has 8zpTCae^=7
begun. ^F-AZP
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The incompatible response method can be used with students who talk and gO bP
misbehave in the media center. Reading is incompatible with talking. The #ihHAiy3
media center teacher might ask the students'to find interesting books and read oi%IHX(`
them while in the center. Assuming that the studentS find the books enjoyable, LP}j0)n
the media center will, over time, become a cue for selecting and reading books bJL ,pe+u
rather than for talking with other students. tS[@?qP
In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep. The teacher
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realized that using the board and overhead projector while lecturing was very $lF\FC
boring. Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements into each lesson, V4|l7
such as experiments, videotapes, and debates, in an attempt to involvs students uD:tT
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and raise their interest in the course. .7n`]S/
41. The purpose of this passage is to___ Sp@{5
A. inform B. persuade C. debate D. narrate nb(Od,L
42. Guthrie identified three methods for__ Edl .R}&1
A. educating students B. altering bad habits -aIB_
C. avoiding undesired action D. forming good hobbies 'e7;^s
43. Which of the following is not the example of applying the threshold :Q>{Y
method? fUB+9G(Bx
A. Parents introduce spinach in small bites or mixed with a food than the [?F]S:/i
child enjoys over time so that the child will not refuse to eat it. :JzJ(q/
B. Teachers introduce academic content in short blocks of time for young TL([hR _
children and gradually increase session length but not to where students j6BFh=?D
become frustrated or bored. j.UO>1{7
C. Paper with wider lines is first used and then paper with narrow lines is >>0c)uC|W
introduced step by step to help children learn printing and handwriting. 01o,9_|FL
D. A child might be made to throw toys until it is no longer fan by his yo#fJ`
parents in order to change his behavior of repeatedly throwing toys. o*s3"Ib
44. To stop snacking while watching television, people should keep their hands vkW]?::Cfd
busy by sewing, painting, working crossword puzzles, and so forth. Over 41\V;yib
time. watching TV becomes a cue for engaging in an activity other than rTM0[2N
snac 'king. What method is used in this example? \rmge4`4
A. The threshold method. B. The fatigue method. 4 UnN~
C. The incompatible response method. D. The punishment method. d]Mjr2h
45. We can draw the conclusion from the passage that q@Sj$
A. The incompatible response method is to force child to make unwanted ?a` $Y>?h
response repeatedly in presence of stimulus until he or she becomes |1Pi`^
exhausted @]B
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B. The threshold method refers to introducing undesired behavior with a A@JZK+WB}
response incompatible with the undesired response so they can not be [^A>hs*
performed simultaneously |=ljN7]!
C. The fatigue method means that engaging in the behavior is transformde (Kaunp5_`
into avoiding it by introducing the stimulus at full strength so it becomes d]QCk&XU
a cue for not performing it #nJ&`woZt
D. The fatigue method is that in presence of stimulus teachers have child Y,s@FGI2
make response incompatible with unwanted response '1Q [&
Passage 2 gD/% l[
The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot 1U~yu&
afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive. $7bux1L
Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign L=5Fvm
countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing. Too many x>~.cey
companies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing ^ ]CQd
wralts . ex-W{k$
Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international Z;nUS,?om
advertising. ?<-ins
General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when it
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introduced its Chevrole Nova to the Puerto Rican market. "Nova" is Latin for |!H@{o
new (star)" and means "star" in many languages, but in spoken Spanish it can Ve^rzGU
sound like "no va", meaning "it doesn't go". Few people wanted to buy a car ,Frdi>7 ~
with that cursed meaning. When GM changed the name to Caribe, sales D'3. T{*rH
picked up" dramatically.
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Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies. &%`Y>\@f
3ne American food company's friendly "Jolly Green Giant" (for advertising )NC
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,egetables) became something quite different when it was translated into O\KSPy7YQ
Arabic as "Intimidating Green Ogre". gTjhD
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When translated into German Pepsi's popular slogan, "Come Alive with %e'Z.vm
Pepsi" came out implying "Come Alive from the Grave". No wonder customers Z* L{;
in Germany didn't rush out to buy Pepsi. ,=Fn6'
Successful international marketing doesn't stop with good e3b|z.^ 8
ranslafions--,-other aspects of culture must be researched and understood ff *QT|J6ng
aarketers are to avoid blunders. }MV=I$S2U
When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, tastes, V_-{TGKX
geography, climate, superstitions, religion, or economy of a culture, they fail to e<[0H 8
capture their target market. +Jv*u8T'
For example, an American designer tried to introduce a new pentare ihto CiSl
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the Latin American market but the product aroused little interest. The mail K:g:GEDgf
reason was that the camellia used in it was traditionally used for funerals in s.7s:
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many South American countries. 1-bQ
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Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companies +|=5zWI/
are becoming much more conscientious in their translations and more sensitive x3++JG
to cultural distinctions. R1=ir# U|D
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The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators who +\ O[)\
understand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a technique QP?Deltp
called "back translation" to reduce the possibility of blunders. tSvklI
The process uses one person to translate a message into the target
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language and another to translate it back. Effective translators aim to capture ;y{VdT
the, overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication ef;Ta|#
of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes U~w g'
misunderstandings. *(4TasQu
In designing advertisements for other countries, messages need to be shot V^U1o[`
and simple. .V\M/q\Tv
They should also avoid jokes, since what is considered funny in one part <?I s ~[2
of the world may not be so humorous in another. EdPN=
46. The best title of this passage might be __ . M:~/e8Xv
A. Culture Is Very Important ia Advertishag {vJ)!'Eh
B. Avoid Cultural Misunderstanding between Nations Q#i^<WUpg
C. Overcome Cultural Shock in Different Countries 0kD8w j%
D. Advertisements Reflect Various Life Styles ]%y~
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47. What does the word "blunder" mean in this passage? Gkr^uXNg#
A. hesitation B. mistake C. stutter D. default v0dFP0.;&
48. Which of the following statements can be used to summarize the gist from .2b)
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Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6? P9p{j1*;
A. Cultural shocks B. Faulty translations [wM<J$=2
C. Avoid cultural oversights D. Prevent blunders ikGH:{
49. We can learn from the context in Paragraph 9 that the word "ca " most E00zf3Jgv'
probably mean____ 5
g-apod
A. an animal used in perfume for its smell {tE/Jv $
B. a piece of fabric used both in perfume and at funerals 9rb/h kX&
C. a flower used in perfume for its fragrance and used for funerals tH:K6^oR
D. an nrnament used in prefume and at funerals ndm19M8Y|
50. One way to prevent errors in advertising in different countries is to___ >EMgP1
A.fire the translators who don't know the target language. wYf=(w\c
B.use the technique called "literal translation" to reduce the possibility of WRAW%?$
blunders 0<L@f=i
C. avoid cultural oversights and avoid certain jokes &F}1\6{fL
D. explain in details when designing advertisement for other countries ~MY(6P
Passage 3 J1<fE(X
It is not unusual for chief executives to collect millions of dollars a year in Kfj*uzKB
pay, stock options, and bonuses. In the last fifteen years, while executive {K'SOhH4?
remuneration rose, taxes in the highest income bracket went down. Millionaires Vk_*]wU
are now commonplace. .;tO;j|6
Amiability is not a prerequisite for rising to the top, and there are a E|9LUPcb
number of chief executive officers with legendary bad tempers. It is not the {NK>9phoB
boss's job to worry about the well-being of his subordinates although the man #|XEBOmsQ
with many enemies wi!! be swept out more quickly in hard times; it is the U30)r+&
company he worries about . His business savvy is supposed to be based on (?\ZN+V)
intimate knowledge of .his company and the industry .so he goes home nightly A2&&iL=j/
with a full briefcase. At the very top - and on the way up - executives are z K8#gif@
exceedingly dedicated. UKK}$B
The American executive must be capable of enough small talk to get him /&j4I