该错题常考要点 Xm#W}Y'
一、代词 +|/0sPW(
代词中主要讲解六个问题 sOhn@*X
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 p:08q
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主格、宾格、所有格 .W{CJh
名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) |=0vgwd"S
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(二) 反身代词 V0;"Qa@q
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 !v8R(
He killed himself. (他自杀了) 4R'CLN
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He killed him. (他杀了他) m.lR]!Y=w
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例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating a2P)@R
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a series of indicators that could help ad}8~6}_&
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themselves to predict earthquakes. SH)-(+72d
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分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 v]EMJm6d|
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 Y_CYx
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(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 r D@*xMW
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 qSP&Fi
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例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies .Y6v#VI
that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the )K[\j?
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Pacific. 4aArxJ
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分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 xt|^~~ /
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Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。
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Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: NF0_D1Goi
Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 W5Jw^,iPd
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例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined j""ZFh04
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the word“normalcy”to express social and x=cucZ
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economic conditions they promised the nation. SMrfEmdH+
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分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 +j{Cfv$do
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例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important u"&?u+1j
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work is not poetry, but his biography, John B>nj{W<o
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Keats, published the year of her death. -)(5^OQ
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分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. :|n[z jK/S
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(四) Who和which的区别 V22z-$cb
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 6C
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who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 jRjeL'"G
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例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who s)- ;74(
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account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. Dy.i^`7\
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分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 41<~_+-@
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 +vy fhw4
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(五) that和which的区别 {3x>kRaKci
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 vu0Ue
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例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it
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would affect society could not have been foreseen. YTa
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分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 I Id4w~|
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(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 &1Ndi<Y^
Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, ??"_o3
Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when Ef#LR
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I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. *U^Y@""a
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which W#bYz{s.
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例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly (1'DZxJ&u
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reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. F(hPF6Zx(
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分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 OL
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例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has AfA"QCyO
affected the way people in the United States----. 4Et(3[P71
(A) living and working g.&B8e
(B) they live and work kumV|$Y?kA
(C) live and work Q~]oN
(D) to live and to work s-IE}I?;
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 =R=V
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二、介词 K} CgFBk
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 <uuumi-!%G
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(一) 介词搭配 |3FI\F;^q
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例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those |<c9ZS+
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in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. "0!h-bQN
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分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 dT0W8oL
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例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. X]y8-}Qf
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分析:B错改为be rich in 6>)fNCe`
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例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the 9W=(D|,,
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alternation of periods of light and darkness. us.[wp'Sh
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分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。 W
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(二) 最重要的两个介词 .h
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1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 WuE]pm]c
例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water. Tp-W/YC
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分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。 l0G{{R0Y
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例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has 6|p8_[
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starred in stage, television, and film productions on lai@,_<GV
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both sides the Atlantic Ocean. ^JxVs
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分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。 P>q~ocq<
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2、介词by qf K
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一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by =eY
另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing 5dv|NLl
例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States O)^F z:
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can be performed from a justice of the peace. Z<|x6%
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分析:D错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。 W
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例:Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councils WMKxGZg"
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could veto a declaration of war at refusing to V9ZM4.,OCN
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supply moccasins and field rations. &iD&C>;pf
分析:D错,应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。 ,I|^d.[2
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例:Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with DCa=o
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operations on sets of numbers or other elements
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that are often represented at symbols. V9KRA 1
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分析:D错,应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。 ;<o?JM
三、谓语动词 $2]>{g
(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致 f^}n#
①、主谓分割原则 Wf?[GO
例1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, :V6t5I'_
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America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom. N:KM8PZ&~
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分析:C错,应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开,主语the bald eagle为单数,谓语动词也应该用单数形式。 c=-qbG0`
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②、与后者一致原则 lV./K;\T
not…but, 强调but后面的名词, c8zok `\P_
not only…but also -j Nnx*
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③、与前者一致原则 7#&Q-3\:
名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词,谓语用is, wU/fGg*M2
中心词在前面,谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致 1TzwXX7
例:The athlete, together with his coach and x!7!)]h
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several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games. 4"nYxL"<4
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分析:D错,与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致,改为is CCC9I8rZD
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④、就近原则 $E8}||d
or, either…or, neither…nor, k:mW ,s|a
单数名词+or+复数名词+are trA ^JY
如果把句子变为一般疑问句,也就是把be动词提到前面,那么变为is 7uu\R=$
所以注意一点: 如果是陈述句,靠后面近,用复数 g%)cyri
如果是疑问句,靠前面近,用单数 Q7zpu/5?
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例:The structure or behavior of many protozoans are 6#:V3
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amazingly complex for single-celled animals. [1Qg *
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分析:A错,应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断,主语应该为复数,or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致,behavior是用单数形式,因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。 zTq"kxn'
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⑤定语从句主语就近原则 (_N(K`4#W
There are five apples that are red. s|[qq7
apples是复数,因此从句谓语动词是复数。 qd'Z|'j
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例:A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets _$ 8:\[J
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carry a supply that last just a few seconds. I,Jb_)H&t
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分析:D错,应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数,其谓语动词应为单数形式。 }P\6}cK
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⑥the +形容词主谓一致 Zv8GrkK
The rich are not always happier than the poor. HRCnjem/v\
The rich 表示一类人,应该用复数 YB:}Lb
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⑦、倒装句的主谓一致 ]$-<< N{}'
改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况: NE Zu?g
a. there be 句型 B)P]C5KRD
there be+名词+名词,那么最近的名词决定其形式 mwZ)PySm)
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词,名词其实是主语,所以be和名词保持一致 *l%&/\
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例:There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate. <qI!Dj{
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分析:there be 句型由最近的名词决定其形式,society当然用单数,A错,there are 改为there is 'C>sYSL
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例:Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific @a
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Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30 eYu 0")
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miles in width. K7nyQGS
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分析:倒装句,are改为is }O| 9Qb
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例:Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and (S?DK
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Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film GY^;$ ?
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presented on the five-story-tall screen. Tb8r+~HK
分析:D错,应改为films , 主语实际上是名词,应该与谓语动词保持一致。 64>CfU(
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⑧、百分比结构的主谓一致 ~CdW:t
fifty percent of + 名词 l/\D0\x2
one percent of + 名词 Z aS29}
谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没有关系,主要取决于后面的名词,比如: 9b@yDq3hQ
one percent of my students + are M* {5> !\
fifty percent of my time is spent on working. 8lA,3'z
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这里要强调两个结构 f$vTD ak
half of =fifty percent 9jM7z/Ff
most of + 可数名词 + are >VX'`5r>uw
most of + 不可数名词+ is KD H<T4#x
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例:Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been !ab ef.%:
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found in central and eastern Canada. Zj1bG{G=i
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分析:C错,应改为have been。介词of的宾语为复数名词短语,作主语的中心词half当然表复数,相应的谓语动词应为复数形式。 @2*Q*
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例:Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized 6<R[hIWpZ}
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in the United States are for foods and beverages. ek0!~v<I
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分析:A错,应改为packages。从谓语动词用复数形式判断出主语是复数名词。注意food用复数表示不同种类的食品,beverage用复数表示不同种类的饮料,故(C)、(D)均没有错。 +%u3% }
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(二) 谓语动词的时态 =
①、主要考察时间状语 vLyazVj..
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例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century. Id>4fF:o
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分析:Metal, aluminum同位语,in the nineteenth century为明显表示过去时间的状语, 因此应该用过去时态,把has been改为was I~@8SSO,vH
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②、For和since的区别 85;bJfY
区别一:For 后面使用时间段,since 后面使用时间点 n+te5_F
区别二:Since 只能用在现在完成时态,For 最主要用在现在完成时和一般过去时 wJCw6&D,/
I has been a teacher for three years. ]dI^
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I has been a teacher since 1996. d!YP{y P
I was a teacher for three years. 这种表达可以,for three years表示一段时间,was 表示过去做了三年,现在不是老师了 v+W'0ymbnV
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例: Since 1921 the budget of the United States became ^\?Rh(pu
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the primary responsibility of the president. |iUC\F=-
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分析:A错,应改 In. since一般要求主句用完成时态,而句中谓语动词为过去式,其时间状语应与之呼应,故改Since为In。 IDFzyg_
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例:Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of G8klW
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the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years. \AKP ea=
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分析:D错,应改为for。since引导时间状语时,主句谓语动词为一般完成时;主句谓语动词为一般过去时要用介词for;而且一段时间用for, 而不是since。 G[yzi
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52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams. -OlrA{=c_
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自然现象和客观事实用一般现在时态,live 3mo4;F,h9
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(三) 谓语的语态 ~$5XiY8A
语态主要表示是主动语态还是被动语态。 9n{Y6I
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有四组动词是改错题中常考的: X~0-W Bz
①、prove Td'(RV
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建议被证明是错的 ,.cR @5qI
尽管是被证明,但习惯上用主动; UNa"\
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例:A majority of the reports received from people claiming }3X/"2SW^
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to have seen the legendary Loch Ness Monster have proven to be $jE<n/8
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mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. Mh-"B([Z
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分析:D错,应改为tricks。并列连词 or在此连接名词,如果把D理解为并列句,不仅时态不对,语义也有问题,故将整个句子改为名词。have proven to be是正确的。 XNJZ~Mowb
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②、Locate,Situate
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这两个词可以用作主动,表示把…放置在…地方;确定…的位置 uhfK\.3
Bats locate obstacles.蝙蝠确定障碍物的位置 c-XO}\?
这两个词也可以用作被动 E489
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My school was located near the river. ~&D
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区分locate的主动和被动比较难,但是有一个技巧存在:locate如果用作主动,后面必须跟宾语 K9%rr_ja!
例:The center of gravity of the human body ---- behind the hip joint. zMbFh_dcq
(A)locates Y:TfD{Xgc
(B)locating B+Qf?1f
(C)to locate :5%98V>02
(D)is located s_NY#MPz[
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词,故首先排除不能作谓语的B和C。动词locate后面没有宾语,所以用作被动,表示“位于”,所以D为正确选项。 '2lzMc>wvP
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③、表示需要概念的动词 xn2 nh@;
need, want, require等 94#,dA,M
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My watch needed repairing r4SwvxhG
My watch needed to be repaired. L.'61ZU
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④、表示人的情感的动词 J\*uW|=F
move, annoy, surprise, please等 ;O`f+rG~
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He is so moving. 他令人感到感动。 iRsB|7v[ ,
He is greatly moved. 他感到非常感动。 jSE)&K4nI
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主动和被动技巧总结: (1D1;J4g
如果句子中有一个“过去分词+by”, 如果断定它是谓语的话,前面必然有be动词 zb9G&'7
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例:The Tennessee Valley Authority has chartered by the xcW\U^1d
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United States Congress in 1933 to construct dams, g8MW6Y
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power structures, and flood-control works along hc
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the Tennessee River and its tributary streams. "
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分析:A错,应改为has been chartered。由信号词by可知前面的谓语动词为被动语态形式。 1}\p:`
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四、非谓语动词 % vUU
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(一) 分词 3F|p8zPS
现在分词和过去分词的区别 pL{oVk#,
①、用于句首作状语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 vGv<WEE
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例:Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then G7&TMg7i
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struggled to establish its own economic and financial system. mh}D[K=~%
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分析:分词作状语,主要看是主动还是被动,美国赢得应该是主动,所以A错,改won为winning j ^j"w(a
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②、用于名词后面作后置定语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 6{.U7="
例:In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in qg#YQ'vWte
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the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands. {BJ>x:2
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分析:B错,生活在什么地方的人,人生活是主动,因此改为living CPy>sV3Ru0
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一些动词后面必须用doing GxzO|vFQ
对于加doing的词来说,考试中一般出现一个,下面这些词都是要加doing的,请考生牢记。 .*`^dt
mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, gNW+Dq|X%
advocate, suggest kV1L.Xg
delay, quit ~Fh+y+g?
forgive(原谅),tolerate, F62 uDyY
avoid, escape(逃避) :-jbIpj'
spend+名词+doing; OS#aYER~/
have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing F 6sQeU
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例:Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their
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A B C D `D%i`"~Lf&
crops. m"~ddqSMT
分析:D错,应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语,故将to harvest改为harvesting。 nV8'QDQ:Al
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例:Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks, LujLC&S
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to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War. [j/|)cj
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分析:A错,advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringing t,De/ L
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(二) 不定式 -sA&1n"W&5
A. 动词不定式的省略 \r:*`Z*y
①、help后面可以省略to C0f%~UMwd
help do g
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help sb. to do 6V$ )ym*F
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例:A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid 2 %fcDEG/
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the habits that might shorten the lives. aR3jeB,=x
C D r1
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分析:D错,应改为their. 定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确,如果lives后面有定语就可以用the。注意(A)并没有错,help后面可以接不带to的不定式。 ^J> m4`
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②、使役动词后面要省略to, 这样的动词只有三个 5nib<B%<V
make, _5S0A0
let, \\ItN
have sb. do sth g5+m]3#t
注意get不是使役动词,get sb. to do sth. e~
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例:A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians %' WC7s
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to know when to play various parts of a composition. ^@/wXj:
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分析:let是使役动词,后面不需要to, C改为know >dK0&+A
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③、感官动词 07>m*1G
hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observe l@SV!keQ
see sb do sth. 强调过程 |e!Y
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see sb doing sth 正在做某事 OMk3\FV2Z
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B. 动词不定式的固定用法 >|Ro
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(1)表示第一人 <LH6my
the first woman to do sth. &;?+ ^L>
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(2)表示迫使的动词 qPz_PRje
一般考三个, allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to do bx2<WdLyT
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例:Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis -}4CY\d6'
A B ,#BD/dF
allows to speculate geologists about the ancient Earth. T]Q4=xsv
C D
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分析:allow...to do是固定短语,allow的宾语应在不定式之前,即把C改为: allow geologists to speculate。 H/`@6, j
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(3)表示倾向…的形容词 ;=@O.iF;H
be more likely to do 更有可能作某事 z7BFkZ6+
be inclined to do倾向于做某事 ^& *
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be lieable to do 易于…的 "D>/#cY1/
be apt to do WF~x`w&\
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(4)表示目的的名词, J*K=tA
一共有7个这样的词,这一条也是最重要的。 lmUCrs37
固定的句式: f'"PQr^9
the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth. ~C>;0a;<:
the objective 目标 ' xaPahx;
aim *qL'WrB1
goal 0FL'8!e<
reason理由 v1+.-hO
function功能 wPYeKOh'
intension意图 HLthVc w
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例:The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing `=V1w4J
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large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. D|$0~1y
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分析:the function to provide, A错 "ivVIq2
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例:The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure (7,Q4T
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and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds VR_/Vh]@
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that make up various components of a living cell. ">8oF
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分析:the chief goal is to understand, A错 U+ Yu_=o{
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(5) 其他同根名词 s/>0gu]A8
ability to do 受到be able to 的影响 6W]C`
attempt to do 企图 RxV
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decision to do 决定, 受decide的影响 dci,[TEGu
ambition, =<#++;!I
be ambitious to do dF! B5(
effort h?ijZHG $
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例:For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation R;U4a2~
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catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions. ~EQ#
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分析:B错,应改为to explain。 attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表目的,故将名词explanation改为to explain。 lFA-T I&
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例:In the early 1960's the Civil Rights movement made great U? U3?Y-k`
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efforts for registering members of minorities to vote. 6"[,
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分析:efforts to register, C错 u,=?|M\
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C. 动词不定式的其他用法 |hDN$By
(1) be to do 表示已安排好或者注定要发生的动作,属于将来时态的范畴 x>4p6H{]0'
She and Anne are to meet at two o'clock. ZRr.kN+F
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(2)不定式的完成式为“to have done”,表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生,这个完成式通常表示一般过去时 I~ mu'T
I am glad to see you. va#].4_
I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday. }KftVnD?
yesterday是一般过去时,修饰have seen. E3CwA8)k
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(3) 形容词后面使用动词不定式,主动表示被动 I&&;a.
It is difficult to decide. $.ctlWS8l{
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五、句子的结构 f&Sovuuh
句子的结构主要考查四个出题方向。 ^`$-c9M?'
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(一) 主语的重复 Smh=Q4,W
名词+代词+谓语,这个代词永远是重复的主语,永远是错的 `lbRy($L
例:Woodrow Wilson he was an idealist who refused to make any :;]O;RXt
A B Oo~
compromises concerning the establishment of the 9D?JzTsyg
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League of Nations. l['ER$(7
分析:代词he不是同位语,主语重复;如果是下面这样的主语,那么便是主语同位语 k$Ug;`v#
A prolific writer, Woodrow Wilson q03nu3uDI
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例:Two unique features of the Arctic they are 95/;II
A B 9'vf2) "
lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground. +R8dy
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分析:选项B中的they和前面的主语two unique features重复 TyR@3H
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(二)谓语的重复 +.u
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完整的句子后面又多了一个谓语,往往改为定语从句 =,s5>2
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例:A paragraph is a portion of a text consists of t<^7s9r;I
A B 7G Jhc
one or more sentences related to the same idea. 0^d<@\
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分析:B错,应改为consisting of或which consists of。句中有两个无法连接的谓语动词,而且前一个谓语动词下面没有划线,故改consists为非谓语动词形式或在它前面加which使之成为从句谓语动词。 C5X!H_p
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(三)谓语的缺少 1b2xWzpG
例:Most mammals to maintain a relatively constant body N=@8~{V.
A B PoRP]Q*n
temperature, regardless of what the air temperature might be. @~i :8
C D ;;432^jD
分析:A错,应改为maintain。句中缺谓语动词,故去掉不定式符号to 使maintain变成谓语动词。 v\=k[oOu
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(四)主句的重复 Saks~m7,
主句的重复总是考even, instead, during, despite等引导的句子, 但是实际上它们无法把两个句子连接起来,因为它们都是副词或者介词,连接两个句子应该用连接词连接 QC1\Sn /
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例:Salmon spend most of their adult lives in salt water, despite U6YQ*%mZ_
A B C L~Xzo
they return to their freshwater birthplaces to spawn and die. c$;Cpt@-j
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分析:C错,应改为though。despite是介词,后面一般接名词作宾语,而在句中它后面却跟着一个完整的句子,所以改为连词though。 T^2o'_:
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例:Solar eclipses occur during the Moon's shadow VexQ ]
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sweeps across the face of the Earth. l~x
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分析:B错,应改为when或as。介词不能引导条件状语从句,根据题意改为从属连词when或as。 YG#{/;^nm)
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例:Even many early leaders of the United States have provided 4B-+DH>{6
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names for towns, only George Washington z2;<i|Ez0
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is remembered in the name of a state. Ro#O{
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分析:A错,应改为Even though。even为副词,不能引导从句,根据题意,改为引导让步状语从句的Even though。 7fW$jiw
六、比较级和最高级 *zv*T"&ZP
比较级和最高级的出题非常有规则,一共有5个出题方向,并且每次考试必然考两个 +
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(一) 比较级或最高级形式上的重复 odTIz{9qG
例:The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which :MF+`RpL
A ^:ehG9
involves using a circular dish with a small pocket at the bottom. s<8|_Dt
B C D F7`[r9 $
分析:A错,应改为easiest。easiest本身已是最高级,不必再用most,这是最高级形式上的重复 PLK;y
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(二)比较级和最高级之间的混用 ]KQBek#DD
例:The greenest and plentifulest leaves are the leaves of grasses. vk3C&!M<a
A B C D v(Q-RR
分析:B错,应改为most plentiful。 plentiful是多音节形容词,须在前面加most构成最高级。 28lor&Cc
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例:The more fearsome of all the animals in the Western Hemisphere wU&vkb)k
A B C D y~py+:_
is the grizzly bear. ]J
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分析:A错,应该用最高级most,含有介词of, among, in 表示的范围状语使用最高级。 77%I%<#
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(三)比较词than的前面一定要有比较级 /Hyi
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改错题中,通常会看见than前面有一个原级 gO_d!x*
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例:Film directors can take far great liberties in dealing with mfr7w+DK
A B .\"8H1I\T
concepts of time and space than stage directors can. byX)4&
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分析:B错,应改为greater。根据后面有than一词可以判定前面的形容词用比较级形式,注意far, much 修饰比较级。 \T^ptj(0
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(四)在as…as以及否定not so…as, not as…as的中间使用形容词原级 '~AR|8q?
as sweeter as, 这是不对的,应改为as sweet as 0!q@b
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(五)the 和比较级最高级的关系 v}Kj+9h
①、比较级前面可以出现the, 修饰后面的名词 X`fer%`
the taller boy Pr#uV3\
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②、副词的最高级加不加the均可以 lZ?YyRsa6&
例:Although flies live longest in cool temperatures, it breed Z^#u n
A B *JiI>[
prolifically when temperatures are warm, food is I"HA(
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abundant, and humidity is moderate. Er<!8;{?
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分析:副词的最高级加不加the均可, 所以A正确,从从句的主语可以看出,B应该改为they E[c6*I
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③、形容词的最高级作定语前面必须使用the, 如果不作定语的话,加不加the均可以 5GDg_9Bz
例:Of all the Native Americans in the United States, b-YmS=*
A B C Zo}vV 2
the Navajos form largest group. z(1`Iy
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D B9S@G{`
分析:D错,应改为form the largest。形容词最高级前面要加定冠词。 _tpOVw4I
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陷阱1, earliest, 有两种可能, b8|<O:]Hp
一种可能是early的最高级,最早的语言,the earliest language deC
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另一种可能作名词,表示早期,必须和时间的名词连用,earliest time, earliest ages, 表示很早的年代,很早的时代,也就是说,如果以后碰上earliest后面加上times, ages, 前面不用加the zB'_YwW
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例:The belief in fairies have existed from earliest times, and the literature of many VI?kbqjo
A B C XCyr r2^
countries includes tales of fairies and their relationship to humans. gB]jLe
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分析:A错,应改为has existed。主语是单数名词the belief,而不是复数名词fairies,故谓语动词是单数形式。earliest times表示表示很早的时代是正确的。 UvuAN:'
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陷阱2,如果最高级前面有所有格的话,不用加the +6:jm54
例如:my best friends XzPUll;ZU
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例:Salt Lake City, Utah's capital and largest city, is industrial >{>X.I~
A B C 3zMaHh)mj
and banking center. s\0,@A
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分析:C错,应改为is an industrial center。center为可数名词,它的修饰词前面应有不定冠词。 Av!xI
Utah's largest city, 题目中其实是省略了Utah's。 '~zi~Q7M
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例:Faults in the Earth's crust are most evidently in sedimentary DSlO.)dHu
A 'l_F@ZO{(
formations, where they interrupt previously continuous layers. $4hi D;n
B C D 0/uy'JvWru
分析:A错,are的表语必须用evident, 为什么不加the, 因为作表语,而不是定语 "G@(Cb*+T
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七、平行结构 Tt4Q|"CJA
改错题考的最多的一个方向便是平行结构 sK8sxy
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(一) 对等连接词 LQV&;O4'
一共有三类连接平行结构的词 hx ^ l
单一式: and, or ,but 6VLo4bq 5
相关式: both…and, not … but, pUa\YO1J
either …or, neither…nor ll*Ez"
the same…as;as…as, not so…as, not as…as YKzfI9Y
such …as, so …that.. too…to, from…to, from…until, o>|D
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没有so...as... =]1cVnPI
between…and, &joP-!"
not only…but also(also可以省略),Not only +主谓,also m[Mw2 F
not only…but also(also可以省略)+as well, pl/e
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短语式: as well as |XV
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rather than (而不是) ]GD&EQ
other than (除…之外) Q:
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instead of (代替)
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考试的方式往往是搭配中有一个单词是对的,另一个单词却不对 `q
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例:John lived in New York since 1960 to 1975, .9?GKD
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but he is now living in Detroit. (-`PO]e48
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分析:B错,应改为from。“从某年到某年”要用“from…to…”这个表达法,不能用since …to…。 _&S;*?K.
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例:Even as he wrote copiously on so diverse topics aU_l"+5>vq
A B #^(Yw|/K
as education ,politics ,and religion ,Lewis Mumford |;&I$'i
remained active in city and regional planning. 'p@m`)Z
C D q$
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分析:B错, 改为such diverse topics as, 出现as, 往往要注意前面一半 |~&cTDd
(二)平行的内容 \S&OAe/b
第一、引导词性的平行,词性的平行本质上是语法作用的平行 D1@yW}
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例:Photoperiodism is the functional or behavioral response of `g4N]<@z
A B 1(RRjT9
an organism to changes in duration of daily, seasonally, &Pc.[k
C D Yq4nmr4
or yearly periods of light and darkness. h<8c{RuoZC
分析:D错,应改为seasonal。在daily, seasonally和yearly三个并列的词中,daily和yearly是形容词,seasonally是副词,故改为形容词seasonal,共同修饰名词periods,三个形容词的平行,词性平行 I
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第二、名词单复数的平行 (!qfd
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但是如果既有可数名词,又有不可数名词,可以不平行 %LD(S* >7
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例:The main advertising media include direct mail, %UhLCyC/
A B C ;=k{[g 'gv
radio, television, magazines, and newspaper. U"oHPK3"TA
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分析:D错,应改为newspapers。newspaper为可数名词,在没有任何前置修饰语的情况下一般用复数形式,并且和前面的magazine平行,而mail, radio, television则是不可数名词。 yE(<F2
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