考博英语语法重点总结 r"{<%e
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 -db75=
独立主格特征 > m q,}!n
1. 充当句子的状语。 jd-glE,Y/
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 Lns
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3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词
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4. With + 名词 kv{}C)kt3
（代词） + 分词 (形容词）
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例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. B 0ee?VC
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. ]j<Bo4~Il
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). b=;nm#cAI
真题剖析 ^K(^I*q
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. pB:$lS
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because e [h8}F
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. $md%x mQ[
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be w'T q 3-%V
虚拟语气 g" VMeW^
虚拟语气（2） 9!',b>C6
1. （should）+动词原形 XOP"Px@
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 `>C<}xO
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 `fNpY#QsN
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 A7_4 .VH
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 bm~W
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2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 应该有所行动，实际还没有行动 {Ro2ouQ!V
would rather +动词过去式（宁愿已经做，其实没做）宁愿，，，就好了I would rather you were not married.(实际have married) - YqY cer
真题剖析 Lpb sYl
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … DTRJ/ @t
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t G3P &{.v
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. "I6P=]|b
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded I=)hWC/
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. %8~Q!=*Iq
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take S{t +>/
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. `>Tu|3%\
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) CvSIV 7zYo
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should 5zJj]A
非谓语动词 "Mw[P [w*
动名词、分词、不定式。 Ks^6.)
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) !l?.5Pm])
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) -&x2&WE'
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 rEhX/(n#
真题剖析 \J. .*,'
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. XgN` 7!Z
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops u@'0Vk0zGH
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. K5ZC:Ks
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative [v 7^i_d
主谓一致
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1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 Q)m4_+,d
How you got there doesn’t concern me.
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Growing vegetables needs constant watering. Ac
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2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 cMyiW$;
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. AqK z$
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 P./V6i<:
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 (Fq5I
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Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). C *U'~qRK
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 v(*C
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Everyone knows that you’ve come here. f.aSKQD
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) I}e 3zf>
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） !CX t*/~
He no less than John is interested in literature. _Jwq`]Z
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) S6}@I ,Q
Either my father or my brothers are coming. l Z#o+d2Y
8. each,every,many a（否定=no） , no …+主语，谓语用单数。 F:*W5xX
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. >AoK/(yL.
真题剖析 Cm$.< CV
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. l"\~yNgk
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some
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倒装 \V9Z #>
全部倒装 ^w ] /
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” vN 2u34
There stand big buildings in this district. [
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Here on the desk lies a pile of books. KD/V aN
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) (D@A74q\'
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. e[sK@jX6
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 bSVlk`
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. + ?p .?I
4. 表语位于句首 Yvn\x ph3
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. _qb Ih
Not far from here is a famous university. f;}E h G'
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 }g$ (+1g
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. JG9` h#
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. :4^\3~i1X
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） piU /&
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. M$0u1~K
部分倒装 qlA7tU2p&
1. 疑问句 ^F:k3,_[
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） @ym/2 7cRE
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. `DT3x{}_S
3. “only+状语”位于句首 4t)%<4
Only when he comes back can be leave. <C9 XX~
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 ""s]zNF}
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. ' B
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) Me6+~"am/
By no means should you break the rules. c)@> zto#
At no time should we give in to difficulties. "B_K
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6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 要是。。。。就好了 V/LQ<Y ke
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” VXR]"W=
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. }E`dZW*!!
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
