考博英语语法重点总结 (L,>P`CR6
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 Ih%LKFT
独立主格特征 bI :cYn1
1. 充当句子的状语。 **~1`_7~*
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 '=(@3ggA:
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 p sAr>:\3
4. With + 名词 -"x25~k!?F
（代词） + 分词 (形容词） &&TAX
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. d$PQb9 Q+f
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. Vb/XT{T;b
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). N3&n"w _d
真题剖析 %!V = noo
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. ^dR gYi"(A
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because f=Kt [|%'e
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. +5ue) `
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be otJHcGv
虚拟语气 #QKgY7
虚拟语气（2） f4+}k GJN
1. （should）+动词原形 ($ s%B
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 Y@ 'ahxF
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 H 2UR
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 jHM}({)-
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 W4rh7e4
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 应该有所行动，实际还没有行动 h 7*#;j
would rather +动词过去式（宁愿已经做，其实没做）宁愿，，，就好了I would rather you were not married.(实际have married) !
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真题剖析 jrm
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(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … r]O8|#P,Z$
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t X{;3gN
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. Q=.j>aM+_
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded Jk=d5B
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. -% g{{'9B
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take
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(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. `I)ftj %
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) H_+ !.
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should }Oh@` xTxt
非谓语动词 te8lF{R
动名词、分词、不定式。 JnBg;D|)@
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) .5YIf~!59
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) CsW*E,|xyP
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 +}@6V4BRn
真题剖析 x $=-lB
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. `DcZpd.n
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops 4f{(Scg
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. `Pe WV[?
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative o 2sOf
主谓一致 0G"I} Jp{
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 OBJk\j+Wi
How you got there doesn’t concern me. =a3qpPkx
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. JYU0&nZl4
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 pX/,s#dY>
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. l~9P 4
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3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 7L\ kn a<
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 WQT;k0;T]
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water).
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5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。
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Everyone knows that you’ve come here. /\&Wk;u3
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) :~
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6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） (`pd>
He no less than John is interested in literature. a;
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7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) gAWrn^2L5
Either my father or my brothers are coming. $5;RQNhXh
8. each,every,many a（否定=no） , no …+主语，谓语用单数。 P6cc8x9g(
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. |:?JSi0
真题剖析 z|gG%fM
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. 9 O/l{
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some DlXthRM
倒装 ORo +=2
全部倒装 }m6j6uAR6)
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” _(<D*V[
There stand big buildings in this district. !Y3
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Here on the desk lies a pile of books. V\V:uo(C
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) mfNYN4Um6
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. <2Qh5umQ
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 j BvZ>H+w~
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. }m~2[5q%/
4. 表语位于句首 |# zznT"
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. !%x=o&
Not far from here is a famous university. 9x~qcH%
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 _/)?GXwLn
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. =v$H8w
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. bt
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6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） F+`DfI]/m
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. B(GcPDj(K
部分倒装 #egP*{F
1. 疑问句 A@wRP8<GKj
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） AID}NQ Qj_
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. ,'CDKzY
3. “only+状语”位于句首 TT429
Only when he comes back can be leave. U~SOHfZ%(
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 aQ ~
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. G}tq'#]E{z
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) 2
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By no means should you break the rules. MR90 }wXE
At no time should we give in to difficulties. iz`u@QKc%
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 要是。。。。就好了 _ "ysJ&
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” EiY i <Z_S
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. P]Z}%
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Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
