考博英语语法重点总结 2/S~l;x
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 (.\ GI D+i
独立主格特征 /=Bz[ O
1. 充当句子的状语。 y
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2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 7onMKMktM%
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词
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4. With + 名词 dgPJte%i
（代词） + 分词 (形容词） K;;Q*NN-
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. |8}f
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. ~a m]G0
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). =MO2M~e!
真题剖析 Rt~Au d[
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. quk~z};R>\
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because %lNWaA
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. W+PAlsOC
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be I2("p.+R
虚拟语气 :xZ /c\
虚拟语气（2） 6,M>' s,N
1. （should）+动词原形 uxk& 5RY
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 ;5# P?
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 DCX 4!,ZF
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 V S2p"0$3D
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 (xK=/()}q
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 应该有所行动，实际还没有行动 KL*ZPKG
would rather +动词过去式（宁愿已经做，其实没做）宁愿，，，就好了I would rather you were not married.(实际have married) W5}.W Fu
真题剖析 }aXc,;Ps
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … FB@c
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47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t Jjik~[<q:
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. ~b5aT;ObR
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded g]i WD;61
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. T*\'G6e
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take 2|tZ xlt-
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. fS-#dJC";`
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.)
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54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should ) gvX eJ
非谓语动词 g63:WX-\
动名词、分词、不定式。 RoM'+1nP:#
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) ")ow,r^"
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) Mb3,!
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 vkE6e6,Qc
真题剖析 9XF+?
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(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. *ky5SM(NR
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops 7R<<}dA]
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. Y!i4P#4+q
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative
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主谓一致 93)&
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 ..'^1IOA
How you got there doesn’t concern me. M ,e_=aq
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. i4'?/UPc
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 cc.z C3Hs3
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. n8A*Y3~R
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 pHn i"i T
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 (Pin9^`ALc
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). `WC~cb \
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 /=lrdp!a
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 8> T
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If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) u <%,Ql
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） !R[o 6V5T
He no less than John is interested in literature. N#6&t8;kTC
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) )e4nKh],
Either my father or my brothers are coming. oslrv7EK
8. each,every,many a（否定=no） , no …+主语，谓语用单数。 x>!#8?-h
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. Sl
真题剖析 %=]~5a9
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. 4X e3PdE
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some [9Q2/V;Uk%
倒装 Xi6XV3G
全部倒装 p3\F1]( Z
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” m.&z:`x[
There stand big buildings in this district. H`9E_[
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. t1 OnA#]/_
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) SYw>P1
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. >Te Ta l
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 ido'<
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In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. ~N;kF.q&>&
4. 表语位于句首 'Wn'BRXq3
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. !.?2zp~
Not far from here is a famous university. 7s4G|N[wR\
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 ^{T]sv
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. 0B>hVaj>-
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. (OLj E]9;
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） -lQ8
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Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. E].hoq7WiB
部分倒装 A_tdtN<
1. 疑问句 z\]]d?d?;
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） h64
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Never did John speak rudely to his parents. 3yX^
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3. “only+状语”位于句首 E#
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Only when he comes back can be leave. -GJ~xcf0
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 *'H0%GM
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. /'' |bIPa
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) io%WV %1_
By no means should you break the rules. ,P
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At no time should we give in to difficulties. (yA`h@@WS
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 要是。。。。就好了 0`UI^Y~Q
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” iga.B
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. yhm6%
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
