考博英语语法重点总结 YiuO u(X
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 w00\1'-Kz
独立主格特征 Yb3f]4EH
1. 充当句子的状语。 wV&f|JO0+
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 x5z4Yv^
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3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 7 eQoc2X2
4. With + 名词 w1#jVcUQ
（代词） + 分词 (形容词） h_chZB'
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. B=bI'S8\
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. O;e8ft
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c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). W}2 &Pax
真题剖析 vZeYp
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. ,V]A6 3J
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because kad;Wa #h
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. hRa(<Z K
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be +
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虚拟语气 -iDEh_pts
虚拟语气（2） ; IuK2iDt<
1. （should）+动词原形 A]iv)C;]
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 .)@tXH=}+
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 +8 )]m<
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 Q_kT}6#(J=
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 #A/]Vs$
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 应该有所行动，实际还没有行动 $EQT"ZX>%i
would rather +动词过去式（宁愿已经做，其实没做）宁愿，，，就好了I would rather you were not married.(实际have married) B 221}t
真题剖析 ?z@v3(b[
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … ]] uzl0LH
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t 5hJYy`h~
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. = (.mf
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded ,_Qe}q FU
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart.
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15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take 3
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(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. Ig02M_
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) [ZKtbPHb
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should 1 ;\]D9i
非谓语动词 ]g
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动名词、分词、不定式。 Z6IJ o%s
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) < QDr,Hj
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ~KA p\!,
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 QiTR-M2C!
真题剖析 ~ ?AC:
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. lL(p]!K'
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops smfG, TI
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. A6^p}_
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative p^KlH=1n.6
主谓一致 I&TTr7
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 +36H%&!
How you got there doesn’t concern me. AI1@-
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. +{,N X
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 ,f8}q]FTA
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. <i\UMrD]`:
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 =
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4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 CfPXn0I
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). dT5J-70Fl
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 L;/9L[s,
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. :3f-9aRC!
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) U9 1 &|
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） y;Qy"-)qb
He no less than John is interested in literature. @%6)^]m}
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7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 9@ :BK;Fi
Either my father or my brothers are coming.
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8. each,every,many a（否定=no） , no …+主语，谓语用单数。 89hF )80
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. Gw cI0~5
真题剖析 L +L 9Y}
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. 60xa?8<cg
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some
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倒装 b6 $, Xh
全部倒装 "g FxfWIA
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” YTQ5sFuGM
There stand big buildings in this district. Fj
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Here on the desk lies a pile of books. :.Y|I[\E%
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) `YPe^!` $
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man.
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3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 .:
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In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. X4a^m w\"
4. 表语位于句首 Kl{-z X
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. 'iJDWxCD
Not far from here is a famous university. d^PD#&"g
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 Q8p=!K
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. <0#^ 7Z
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. ',GV6kt_k
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） T .kyV|
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. F
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部分倒装 {;*}WPYb
1. 疑问句 -;$nb~y
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） [u`6^TycP
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. M i]I:ka
3. “only+状语”位于句首 e&0K ;yU
Only when he comes back can be leave. xRlY r# %
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 n#4Gv|{XMD
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. K/^
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5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) #;]2= @
By no means should you break the rules. & iqw!
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At no time should we give in to difficulties. eJHp6)2
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 要是。。。。就好了 H y]
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” #jBN?Z#
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. A ?8\Y{FQ
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
