考博英语语法重点总结 #rzq9}9tB
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 Oh<[8S 7]C
独立主格特征 ?gjM]Ki%:
1. 充当句子的状语。 lyKV^7}
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 BCF- lrZ &
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 x=yBB;&
4. With + 名词 d c_^
（代词） + 分词 (形容词） 'OSZ'F3PV
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. [#n ~ L6
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. : h?"0,
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). R>[2 }R30
真题剖析 qX`?4"4
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. mkTf}[O
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because
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练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. aDR<5_Y b
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be nX<!n\J T
虚拟语气 " jmi
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虚拟语气（2） ):jK sP
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1. （should）+动词原形 ^10*s,(uS?
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 "P.7FD
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 q
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It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 Lo @
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部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 eI; %/6#
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 应该有所行动，实际还没有行动 "m0 >u,HmI
would rather +动词过去式（宁愿已经做，其实没做）宁愿，，，就好了I would rather you were not married.(实际have married) Yn[y9;I{
真题剖析 {%^q8l4j
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … 0 FsGqFt
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t [Nr6 qxWg
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. ,sP7/S)FR
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded #* j
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. :)t1 >y>3
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take nsij;C
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. 'g^;_=^G
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) nBjf
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54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should 0!o&=Qh
非谓语动词 }7+G'=XI/
动名词、分词、不定式。 ]zmY] 5
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 0^*4L M|z
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) Xgn^ )+V:
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 YMj
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真题剖析 k]l M%
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. ;VeC(^-eh6
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops K SD o)7`
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. 2TmQaDu%b
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative U
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主谓一致 Ra&HzK?
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 X2(TuR*t
How you got there doesn’t concern me. 0qnToV;
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. !3v!BJ#+,&
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 Z<;<!+,
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. ",(-AU!a)h
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 hdQ[=PH)
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 d2'9C 6t
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). .<gA a"
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 E[/<AY^@!z
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. `][~0\Y3m
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外)
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6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） s+2\uMwf*
He no less than John is interested in literature. U`ey7
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) /~{8/u3
Either my father or my brothers are coming. 4pJ OJ!?
8. each,every,many a（否定=no） , no …+主语，谓语用单数。 Q[; !z1ur
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. w{?nX6a@p
真题剖析 v :PNt#Ta
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. q{ n~v>wU
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some
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倒装 y)t< r
全部倒装 / FJAI
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” @2v L'6
There stand big buildings in this district. v}Gq.(b
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. 1`Cr1pH
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) =O?<WJoK
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. Q1 mz
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3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 0 t*JP
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. ,@ tY D(Z
4. 表语位于句首 lsCD%P
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. RWP`#(&/&
Not far from here is a famous university. ,)hUL/r6
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 Z Mids"Xdf
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. @Q V|<NeH
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. (5]<t&M
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） Tm-Nz7U^^
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. P#\L6EO.
部分倒装 ~b+4rYNxU_
1. 疑问句 DDq*#;dP
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） 8G`fSac`
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. !e*Q2H+
3. “only+状语”位于句首 ~Os"dAgZFY
Only when he comes back can be leave. OE]z C
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 A6v02WG_1T
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. "*CQ<@+
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) <k-& Lh:o3
By no means should you break the rules. 9G_bM(q'^2
At no time should we give in to difficulties. mRZC98$ @r
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 要是。。。。就好了 G7yCGT)vQ
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” N3
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Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people.
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Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
