考博英语语法重点总结 x *a _43`
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 :1;"{=Yx}
独立主格特征 Q$Rp?o&
1. 充当句子的状语。 @O|
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2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 )d >Dcne
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 >` <qa !9
4. With + 名词 hcz!f
（代词） + 分词 (形容词） ,hZ?]P&
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. wScr:o+K>L
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. zYM0?O8pJ~
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). R 5\|pC
真题剖析 'wWuR@e#&
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. (w vU;u
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because TPLv]$n
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. xZ(d*/6E
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be 5=b6B=\*~
虚拟语气 |E;+j\
虚拟语气（2） -j@IDd7
1. （should）+动词原形 |v<4= /.
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 m} f{o
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 E,fbIyX
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 mex@~VK
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 cH
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2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 应该有所行动，实际还没有行动 etQS&YzC
would rather +动词过去式（宁愿已经做，其实没做）宁愿，，，就好了I would rather you were not married.(实际have married) >qUD_U3A
真题剖析 "'XY W\bI
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … *?VB/yO=0
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t w ~^{V4V
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. .EvP%A
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53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded =1xVw5^F
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart.
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15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take DiZ;FHnaG?
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. x![
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(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) L0w2qF
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should D
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非谓语动词 b< [ ]z,
动名词、分词、不定式。 {Z1-B60P
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) g gpa !R
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 6q7jI
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To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 /iJsa&W}
真题剖析 54/ZGaonz
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. q D /h/
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops lE!.$L*k
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. +;Gvp=hk
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative Z- M4J;J@}
主谓一致 v&7x ~!O
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 l{VJaZ $M
How you got there doesn’t concern me. `6LV XDR
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. jS5K:yx<
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 J7
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Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. =/ \l=*
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 &(jt |?{
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 :5jor Vu
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). @V@<j)3P
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 ej
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Everyone knows that you’ve come here. |HPb$#i
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) `8TL*.9
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） z5sKV7&\[n
He no less than John is interested in literature. zE7)4!
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) D2io3Lo$ov
Either my father or my brothers are coming. W#wC
8. each,every,many a（否定=no） , no …+主语，谓语用单数。 B0 gs <E
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. 6^FUuj.
真题剖析 XH Y,;4
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. ^Nysx ~6
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some :z$+leNH \
倒装 : %U
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全部倒装 ytV4q U82G
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” t~Ic{%bdA
There stand big buildings in this district. Yof ]
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. yzX S{#\
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) |s!n7%|,7
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. <_ 4'So>
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 G52z5-=v
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. ~sCdvBA
4. 表语位于句首 /)r[}C0
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. &VVvZ@X ;
Not far from here is a famous university. yeV|j\TJI.
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 \K:?#07Wj4
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. +@\=v}:
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Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. P_M!h~
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语）
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Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. OL623jQX
部分倒装 XZ|\|(6Cc
1. 疑问句 ~J OC8dO
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） No]#RvEd3
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. &GI'-i
3. “only+状语”位于句首 w.Go]dpK
Only when he comes back can be leave. T?D]]x
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 vz)zl2F5sY
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. a,[Nc dG
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) n5?7iU&JIo
By no means should you break the rules. fyv S1_
At no time should we give in to difficulties. ,
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6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 要是。。。。就好了 7*47m Jyc
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” N
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Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. OF`:);
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
