考博英语语法重点总结 (c_E*>c)
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 yqZKn=1:
独立主格特征 ki39$A'8
1. 充当句子的状语。 f/aSq hAW
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 ]F P(,:Yw
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 7xqTTN6h
4. With + 名词 ,5.ve)/dE
（代词） + 分词 (形容词） <7-3j{065
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. :@mb.' %*!
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. [7 oU =
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). eT0Y
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真题剖析 +G)L8{F
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(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. teIUSB[
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because R <}UT
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. j\@Ht~G
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be 4Q wv:4La
虚拟语气 ky R=U`OW
虚拟语气（2） eb10=Lmj
1. （should）+动词原形 l7vU{Fd-h^
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 FK
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It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 .Aj4?AXWc
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 o>~xrV`E
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 jxeZ,w o
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 应该有所行动，实际还没有行动 ^(79SOZC
would rather +动词过去式（宁愿已经做，其实没做）宁愿，，，就好了I would rather you were not married.(实际have married) NLnfCY-h
真题剖析 SobOUly5{
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … /u &{=nU
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t OUM^ u*
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. 'cgB$:T}.,
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded P[q 'Y^\
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. .G/>X%X
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take Lnk(l2~U
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. <13 ').F
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) yb 4Jsk5%
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should ]:g;S,{
非谓语动词 L!qXt(`
动名词、分词、不定式。 qvH RP@
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) +!6dsnr8
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) Kf>]M|G c
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 Gm1 [PAj
真题剖析 ,GVD.whUl
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. 0D.qc8/V4.
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops 3*<?'O7I0
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. |G(9
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59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative 9vL n# _
主谓一致 +3wVcL
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 OF_g0 Zu
How you got there doesn’t concern me. yKb+bm&5:'
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. Lbwc2 Q,.-
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 ?ypX``3#s7
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. s k>E(Myo
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 UZD Xv=r|
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 oEN^O:9e
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). IizPu4
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5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 =Ul{#R
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Everyone knows that you’ve come here. vlSS w+r9
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) Yn+d!w<3:
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） /U P1*L
He no less than John is interested in literature. o-7,P
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7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) cy{ ado2
Either my father or my brothers are coming. L[r x s[7~
8. each,every,many a（否定=no） , no …+主语，谓语用单数。 DYej<T'?3
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. 2T &n6t$p
真题剖析 :rzq[J^
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. k,GAHM"'
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some vp2s)W8W
倒装 Q FX/x
全部倒装 EgB$y"fs
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” 6*r#m%|
There stand big buildings in this district. OGWZq(c"6
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. I: =rwnd
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) 5e|yW0o
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 'MK"*W8QRM
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 `x:8m?q05
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. q<Z`<e
4. 表语位于句首 ^SvGSx i
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. @wPyXl
Not far from here is a famous university. a1
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5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 kK%@cIXS3
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. @Pb%dS
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. )uRR!<"~
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） =Ohro '
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. |*> s%nF|
部分倒装 moCr4*jDX,
1. 疑问句 zXaA5rZO
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） M~l\rg8
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. ?%ei+
3. “only+状语”位于句首 zT+ "Z(oz,
Only when he comes back can be leave. 4H q6nT/
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 OM
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No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. yi:1cLq2
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) M ,sZ8eeq
By no means should you break the rules. FV\$M6
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At no time should we give in to difficulties. <,</ Ge
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 要是。。。。就好了 iJSyi;l|
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” HE@P<
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. 4XNkto
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
